Energy supply and energy insecurity

Use Section C (pages 7 to 12) in the Resource Booklet to answer this question.

Study Figure 5.

Identify Ecuador’s most valuable export.

Figure 5 provides information about Ecuador’s population size and population growth rate in 2021.

Calculate the size of Ecuador’s population in millions in 2022.

Study Figure 6.

Identify one physical cause of reduced economic growth in Ecuador.

Using Figures 5 and 6, suggest two reasons why Ecuador’s consumption of energy has grown at a faster rate than its population.

Figure 7 shows how oil production can have a negative impact on the environment.

Using your own knowledge, explain two ways in which renewable energy production can also have a negative impact on the environment.

Using evidence from Figures 7 and 8, assess the threats to Yasuní National Park (YNP) and its communities.

Study Figure 9.

Identify two actions taken by rainforest communities to protect their land.

Study Figure 10.

Figure 10 mentions unconventional fossil fuels.

Using your own knowledge, name two unconventional fossil fuel sources.

Using evidence from Figure 10, assess which countries are most and least responsible for carbon dioxide emissions over time.

Use Section C (pages 6 to 10) in the Resource Booklet to answer this question.

Study Figure 5.

Identify the sector which employs most people.

Identify the sector which is most clearly shown as being threatened by climate change.

Study Figure 6.

Calculate the value of X in the table.

Using your own knowledge, state one possible political cause of a large global oil price increase.

A country’s ‘energy mix’ is the range of different energy sources used by its people and industries.

Using evidence from Figures 5 and 6, explain two reasons why the people of Iceland need a diverse energy mix.

Study Figure 7.

Identify the interquartile range of the data.

Using your own knowledge, explain one physical and one political reason why some countries produce little renewable energy.

Physical reason

Political reason

Study Figure 8.

Using evidence from Figure 8, assess the environmental impacts of renewable energy use in Iceland.

Study Figure 9.

Identify the year when Iceland’s annual average temperature was highest.

Using Figure 9, identify one reason why climate change leads to the loss of Arctic fish species.

Study Figure 10.

Assess the value of Iceland’s Climate Action Plan as a strategy that other countries could also use.

Use Section C (pages 7 to 12) in the Resource Booklet to answer this question.

Study Figure 5.

Identify Ghana’s most valuable export in 2019.

Identify how you would work out the percentage increase in GDP per capita from 2010 to 2019.

Study Figure 6 in the Resource Booklet.

Identify which country started oil production first.

Study Figures 5 and 6 in the Resource Booklet.

Using evidence from Figures 5 and 6, explain two ways in which Ghana’s economy might be affected by the development of new oil resources.

Study Figure 7 in the Resource Booklet.

Identify the distance between Axim and the centre of the Jubilee Field.

Using your own knowledge, explain one physical and one economic reason why oil resources can only be developed in certain places.

Physical reason

Economic reason

Study Figure 8 in the Resource Booklet.

Assess the similarities and differences between the two views.

Study Figure 9 in the Resource Booklet.

Using evidence from Figure 9 and your own knowledge, explain two reasons for the rise in global CO₂ emissions from fossil fuel use since the year 2000.

Study Figure 10 in the Resource Booklet.

Using evidence from Figure 10, assess the environmental challenges which climate change may bring to Ghana.

Use Section C (pages 6–9) in the Resource Booklet to answer this question.

Study Figure 6.

Define the term fossil fuel.

Name one fossil fuel which energy resource X might be.

Between 2010 and 2016, biofuel use increased from 1,700 Ktoe to 2,200 Ktoe.

Calculate the percentage change in biofuel use between 2010 and 2016.

Answer to one decimal place.

You must show your working in the space below.

Explain why biofuels are classified as a recyclable form of energy.

Study Figures 7 and 8 in the Resource Booklet.

Using Figure 7, explain one reason why wood is processed to make charcoal.

Using Figure 8, identify when industrial use of firewood increased by the greatest amount.

Using Figures 7 and 8, explain why the use of traditional biofuels is a cause of worsening environmental problems for Cambodia’s national parks and cities.

national parks

cities

Study Figures 8 and 9 in the Resource Booklet.

Using evidence from Figures 8 and 9, assess the reasons why traditional biofuels are still widely used as a source of energy in Cambodia.

Explain one way in which biofuel use can improve the energy security of a country.

Study Figure 10 in the Resource Booklet.

Using evidence from Figure 10, assess how successfully these groups and organisations are protecting Cambodia’s forests.

Use Section C (pages 6–11) in the Resource Booklet to answer this question.

Study Figure 4. It shows a timeline of changing oil prices and Russia’s gross domestic product (GDP) per capita.

Identify Russia’s maximum GDP per capita during the period 1997 to 2017.

Identify when the price of oil fell by approximately 50%.

Identify one economic cause of falling oil prices shown in Figure 4.

Identify one political cause of rising oil prices shown in Figure 4.

Study Figures 5, 6 and 7 in the Resource Booklet which show Russia’s relationships with other countries.

Draw the bar for Poland on the graph below using data from Figure 5.

Explain one way in which the news headlines in Figure 6 could have affected sales of Russian gas to other countries.

Explain one way in which the ‘Power of Siberia’ pipeline shown in Figure 7 might affect sales of Russian gas to other countries.

Study Figure 8 in the Resource Booklet which shows countries where Russian energy companies are developing new oil and gas resources.

Suggest two ways in which the natural environment of these countries could affect the cost of developing their oil and gas resources.

Study Figure 9 in the Resource Booklet.

Using evidence from Figure 9, assess the challenges facing Russia’s own energy companies.

Renewable and recyclable energy resources can be used instead of non-renewable fossil fuels.

Explain what is meant by renewable energy resources.

Explain what is meant by recyclable energy resources.

Study Figure 10 in the Resource Booklet.

Using evidence from Figure 10, assess the influence of physical and human factors on the development of wind energy resources.

Use Section C (pages 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11) in the Resource Booklet to answer this question.

Study Figure 5.

Calculate the percentage change in the use of energy from HEP sources between 1973 and 2015.

Show your working.

State two pieces of evidence indicating that Norway is trying to reduce its carbon footprint.

Study Figure 6.

Identify the year when total oil production was highest.

Identify which of the following is the best estimate of Norway’s total oil production per day in 1992.

Study Figure 7.

Explain why Norway exports a high percentage of the oil it produces.

Study Figure 7 and Figure 8.

Explain two social benefits for Norway’s people from selling its oil.

Study Figure 9.

Assess the challenges Norway faces in developing new offshore oil sources.

Explain two energy efficiency strategies that can help fossil fuel supplies last longer.

Study Figure 10.

Assess the economic costs and benefits for local people of developing this oil.

Use Section C (pages 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12) in the Resource Booklet to answer this question.

Study Figure 5.

Calculate the value in dollars of agriculture (including oil palm).

Answer to one decimal place. Show your working.

Explain one piece of evidence from Figure 5 which shows that Indonesia is an emerging country.

Study Figure 6, Figure 7a and Figure 7b.

Explain two reasons why rising global demand for the products shown in Figure 7a has led to widespread rainforest loss in Indonesia.

Study Figure 8a and Figure 8b.

Suggest one reason why fossil fuel oil and palm oil prices often rise together.

Study Figure 8a.

Explain two reasons for lower fossil fuel oil prices in some years.

Study Figure 9.

Assess the environmental impacts of exploiting Indonesia’s energy resources.

Explain one reason why the rising affluence of a country can lead to a reduction in its carbon footprint.

Study Figure 10.

Assess the reasons why people disagree over who is to blame for deforestation.