Plate tectonics & plate margins

Complete Figure 1 by plotting the mean monthly rainfall for April in Kuala Lumpur.

Plot this data on Figure 1.

Identify when mean monthly rainfall is at its highest.

Calculate the range in mean monthly temperature.

Explain one reason why temperatures are higher at the equator than at the poles.

Explain one reason why volcanic activity can cause climate change.

Study Figure 2 which shows the number of deaths (to the nearest thousand) caused by five earthquakes in Asia, between 2001 and 2015.

The total number of deaths was 157,000.

Calculate the mean number of deaths shown in Figure 2.

Explain one reason why earthquakes are common at convergent plate boundaries.

You have studied the management of either volcanic or earthquake hazards.

Explain one way long-term planning can reduce the loss of life.

Chosen tectonic hazard (volcano or earthquake)

Study Figure 3 which shows the total number of hurricanes (tropical cyclones) which reached the United States in each month between 1851–2018.

Identify which two month period has experienced the largest number of hurricanes.

Between 1851 and 2018, a total of 294 hurricanes reached the United States.

Calculate the percentage of hurricanes which were recorded in September.

Give your answer to one decimal place.

You must show your working.

Explain one reason why the number of hurricanes varies during the year.

Explain two reasons why some countries are more vulnerable than others to the impacts of tropical cyclones (hurricanes and typhoons).

Global climate is now changing as a result of human activity.

Evaluate the view that it is difficult to predict the consequences of global climate change.

Study Figure 1 which shows climate data for selected cities in Africa.

Identify the city with the lowest mean annual temperature.

Calculate the range of mean annual rainfall shown in Figure 1.

Explain one reason why some areas have high annual rainfall.

Study Figure 2 which shows the location of the San Andreas fault in North America.

Figure 2

Name the type of plate boundary shown in Figure 2.

Explain why earthquakes are common at this type of plate boundary.

Explain one reason why tectonic plates move.

Study Figure 3 which shows projected changes to precipitation and temperature in selected Asian cities by 2050.

Mean annual precipitation decrease (in mm)
Mean annual temperature increase (in °C)

Identify which city is projected to have the greatest increase in mean annual temperature by 2050.

Study Figure 4 which shows information about Hiroshima’s annual precipitation in 2019 and 2050 (projected).

Calculate the projected percentage (%) decrease in Hiroshima’s precipitation.

Give your answer to one decimal place.

You must show your working.

Explain two ways in which climate change causes sea levels to rise.

Explain two natural causes of past climate change.

In this question, up to four additional marks will be awarded for your spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology.

Assess the view that coastal flooding is the main physical hazard caused by tropical cyclones.

(Total for spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology = 4 marks)

Study Figure 1, which shows changing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere between 1960 and 2020.

Identify the year in which the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reached 400 parts per million (ppm).

Calculate the amount by which carbon dioxide (ppm) increased between 1960 and 2020.

State two human activities which cause the enhanced greenhouse effect.

Explain one piece of evidence which suggests human activity is causing climate change.

Study Figure 2, which is a map showing the distribution of tropical cyclone source areas and the number of tropical cyclones in 2018.

June–Oct Months when tropical cyclones are most likely

Figure 2

Identify the period when tropical cyclones are most likely to affect the East coast of the USA.

There was a global total of 140 tropical cyclones in 2018.

Calculate the percentage of tropical cyclones occurring in the northern hemisphere in 2018.

Show your working.

Using Figure 2, explain the distribution of tropical cyclone source areas.

Describe how satellite imagery can be used to assess the impact of tropical cyclones.

Study Figure 3, which is a map showing the Indonesian earthquake and tsunami which occurred in September 2018.

Explain how earthquakes can cause tsunamis.

Using Figure 3, suggest two reasons why many deaths occurred in Palu following the earthquake.

Explain one difference between shield and composite volcanoes.

You may use a diagram to help your answer.

Evaluate the effectiveness of the management of a volcanic or earthquake hazard in either a named emerging or developing country.

Named emerging or developing country

Identify which one of the following describes Timbuktu’s climate.

Calculate the annual temperature range in Timbuktu.

Explain one reason why some areas are arid (have low rainfall).

Analyse the data in Figure 2.

Calculate the ratio of the number of deaths between the two tropical cyclones.

Describe how social media could be used to record the impact of a tropical cyclone.

Explain one reason why the economic cost of tropical cyclones varies.

Study Figure 3 which shows four projections about sea level rise from 2020 to

Compare the highest and the lowest sea level projections.

Using data from Figure 3 explain two reasons for the range of projections shown.

Explain one way in which historical records provide evidence of past climate change.

Explain one difference between the type of volcanoes found at divergent and convergent plate boundaries.

Assess the importance of the primary and secondary impacts of either earthquakes or volcanoes in an emerging or developing country.

Named emerging or developing country_........

Identify which one of the following describes the outer core.

State which one of the Earth’s layers has the highest density.

Explain one cause of a tsunami.

Identify one primary impact of tectonic hazards.

Analyse the data in Figure 2.

200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 Present

Mean Antarctic temperatures and atmospheric CO₂ concentration over the past 200,000 years

Describe the trends in mean Antarctic temperatures and CO₂ concentration as shown in Figure 2. Use numeric data in your answer.

Explain one natural cause of climate change.

The Saffir-Simpson Scale measures the magnitude of tropical cyclones.

Identify one source of data used to calculate the Saffir-Simpson Scale of a tropical cyclone.

Study Figure 3.

Actual and predicted path of Hurricane Matthew (Oct 2016) and data for selected countries

Haiti appears to be very vulnerable to the impacts of Hurricane Matthew.

Using Figure 3, suggest two reasons why.

Figure 3 includes a GIS cyclone track map.

Explain two ways maps such as these can help countries to prepare for tropical cyclones.

Explain one way in which global atmospheric circulation determines the location of high rainfall (low pressure) areas.

You may use a diagram to help your answer.

Evaluate the effectiveness of the methods of response to a tropical cyclone in a named developed country.

Named developed country_........