Coastal management

Over time, waterfalls retreat upstream forming a gorge. The data in the table below gives the amount of retreat of a waterfall over time.

Use the data in the table to calculate the mean rate of retreat of the waterfall over time. Show your working.

Explain the formation of a v-shaped valley.

* CASE STUDY – the landscape of a UK river basin

Name of UK river basin........

To what extent has management of your chosen river basin been successful?

Spelling, punctuation and grammar and the use of specialist terminology

Select the correct definition of a glaciated landscape.

A contains landforms produced along a river

B contains landforms produced by the movement of ice

C formed by coastal processes

D formed when glaciers join together

Write the correct letter in the box.

Study Fig. 5 in the separate Resource Booklet, which shows the maximum extent of ice in the last glacial stage in Britain.

Explain why the south and east of England lack glaciated landscapes.

The distinctive characteristics of glaciated landscapes make them ideal for human activities like hiking, climbing and skiing. Give two reasons why.

Read the news article below. DAILY NEWS LET NATURE TAKE ITS COURSE!

Around 45% of England’s coastline has some form of coastal management. Artificially strengthening one piece of coastline can weaken another, creating further erosion in the future. And of course all of this costs millions of pounds every year.

Our coastlines are changing and we should allow natural processes to take over. This would mean some areas of land may be lost to the sea. A more natural coastline is formed. In the long term this type of management is more cost effective and sustainable. The end is in sight for coastal defences.

What is the key message of this article?

What percentage of England’s coastline is not protected by coastal management?

Case study – UK coastal landscape

Name of UK coastal landscape case study:

Evaluate the impact of management on your chosen coastal landscape.

Name one geomorphic process that erodes coastal landforms.

Study Fig. 2 in the separate Resource Booklet, an OS map extract of Sea Palling in Norfolk.

Artificial reefs have been built along the stretch of coastline shown in Fig. 2. Calculate the length of the breakwater marked X.

A 100 m

B 120 m

C 250 m

D 360 m

Write the correct letter in the box.

Give one piece of map evidence which shows that the coastal defences at Sea Palling are effective. Explain your answer.

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) can show many different kinds of data on a map. Each kind of data forms a new ‘layer’ on the map.

Suggest an extra layer that could be added to Fig. 2 to give further evidence for the effectiveness of these coastal defences.

The data in the table below shows the annual rates of slumping of a stretch of muddy coastline.

Calculate the mean amount of annual slumping.

Identify the range in the annual rate of slumping between 2010 and 2017.

Case study – A coastal landscape in the UK.

Name of chosen coastal landscape in the UK

Explain how management has impacted the coastal landscape.

Study Fig. 6 in the separate Resource Booklet, a fact file on the flooding of the River Aire in Leeds. The area covered by this map is highlighted on the OS map extract.

Give two pieces of evidence from the photographs that suggest the flooding on the South Bank in Leeds affected people.

Study Fig. 7 in the separate Resource Booklet, a map showing some of the planned developments on Leeds South Bank. The area covered by this map is highlighted on the OS map extract.

Using one piece of evidence from Fig. 7, explain why the South Bank proposal would be beneficial for Leeds.

Suggest an alternative way of presenting the plan information shown in Fig. 7.

Using Figs. 6 and 7 and your own understanding, explain why river basin management is needed to overcome contemporary challenges that affect life in the city.

Study Fig. 1 in the separate Resource Booklet, a GIS map of Rio de Janeiro.

Identify one human feature of Rio de Janeiro shown on Fig. 1.

Identify one physical feature of Rio de Janeiro shown on Fig. 1.

The city boundaries of Rio de Janeiro in 1900 and 2015 are outlined on Fig. 1.

Estimate the area of Rio de Janeiro in in km². 1900

Using Fig. 1, describe the location of Copacabana Beach.

Study Fig. 2 in the separate Resource Booklet, photographs and reviews of three coastal areas in Rio de Janeiro.

State two human uses of Rio de Janeiro’s coastal areas seen in Fig. 2.

Study Fig. 3 in the separate Resource Booklet, beach management strategies used in Brazil.

450 metres of Copacabana Beach, in Rio de Janeiro, needs coastal management to avoid widespread coastal erosion.

Calculate the cost of rock armour for Copacabana Beach.

Using your own understanding, suggest whether beach nourishment or rock armour would be most appropriate for coastlines with high levels of erosion by hydraulic action.

* Study Figs 3 and 4 in the separate Resource Booklet, beach management strategies used in Brazil and a sketch showing impacts of beach nourishment (beach replenishment) at Copacabana Beach.

Using Figs 1, 2, 3 and 4 and your own understanding, explain how challenges in the city of Rio de Janeiro affect the coastal landscape.