OCR GCSE History A (Explaining the Modern World) Period study with non-British depth study: International relations 1918-2001 + South Africa 1960-1994: the people and the state November 2021 question paper J410/05

Describe one way the government tried to defeat opposition to Apartheid in the 1980s.

Explain the importance of the Durban workers’ strike of 1973.

Explain the importance of Nelson Mandela in the struggle to defeat Apartheid.

Study Sources A and B. How similar are these sources?

Source A

Our attitude to economic sanctions remains unchanged. We are firmly opposed to them. There is no evidence to suggest that the South African Government would respond to such measures by introducing the sort of reforms we all want to see. We believe the way forward is to use economic links to encourage change, for example leading to more opportunities for black people in the economy.

Extract from a letter from British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher to the Anti-Apartheid Movement, 1985.

Source B

I have no hope of real change from this government unless it is forced. We face a catastrophe in this land and only the action of the international community by applying pressure can save us. I call upon the international community to apply tough sanctions against this government to help us establish a new democratic South Africa.

Extract from a news conference given by Archbishop Desmond Tutu, 1985. Desmond Tutu was an Anglican priest in South Africa and was made Archbishop of Johannesburg in 1985.

5* ‘After Sharpeville, violence was the only effective way to oppose Apartheid from within South Africa.’

How far do you agree?