OCR GCSE History A (Explaining the Modern World) British depth study with historic environment: The English Reformation c.1520-c.1550 + Castles: form and function c.1000-1750 November 2021 question paper J410/12

Explain how some people resisted the religious changes made under Henry VIII and Edward VI

between 1534 and 1550.

Study Sources A to C.

‘Henry VIII reformed the English church between 1530 and 1534 for religious reasons.’

How far do Sources A to C convince you that this statement is correct?

Use the sources and your knowledge to explain your answer.

Source A

We, the Members of England’s Parliament, believe the king is the supreme head of the Church of England. The churchmen of England agree and want the king as supreme head. So in this Act we confirm that the king will have supreme authority over the Church. He will have complete power to remove all errors, heresy or abuses and increase the purity of Christ’s religion in this land.

The king shall also have any titles, lands, rights, profits and money from taxes which are rightfully his as supreme head of the Church of England.

This Act is for the increase of purity in God’s religion in this land and the removal of the interference of foreign powers or authorities in peace and purity of this realm.

An extract from the Act of Supremacy, 1534.

Source B

Queen Catherine has been as true and good a wife as I could wish for. But I am deeply troubled because I fear that our marriage was never legal. She was first married to my brother, Prince Arthur, so our marriage is sinful and has offended God. I would be happy with Catherine forever if our marriage was declared to be within God’s law. But I am forced against my will to wonder whether it is because of God’s anger and punishment that Catherine has not given me a son. In order to follow God’s will – and not for my own pleasure – I must therefore consider taking another wife.

An extract from a speech made by Henry VIII to Blackfriars Court in 1529. The court was hearing the case for the annulment (ending) of Henry VIII’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon. The court was chaired by representatives of the Pope.

Source C

The Church uses long ceremonies in Latin that the people cannot understand. This covers the Bible in darkness. How can we understand and use God’s Word in our homes, when we are not allowed to read it?

The Pope has turned God’s law upside down. Why does the Pope have authority above God’s laws? Who gave him this authority? The higher powers should be the kings and princes not the Pope. God has given them swords to punish sinners.

An extract from William Tyndale’s ‘Obedience of a Christian Man’, published in 1528. Anne Boleyn gave Henry VIII a copy of this book in c.1529.

Explain how the Civil Wars (1642–1651) affected Kenilworth Castle.

Study Sources D and E.

Which of these sources is more useful to a historian studying Kenilworth Castle from 1120–1600?

Source D

To the Sheriff of Warwickshire,

With regards the Queen’s chamber in the castle of Kenilworth: it should be lined with wood-panelling and the windows replaced and made larger; the fire-places of the King’s and Queen’s chambers should be repaired. Repairs should also be made to a privy chamber next to the Queen’s chamber, the castle wall and two gates of the castle. A new wall should be built between the inner and outer wall of the castle and a new porch should be made in front of the Queen’s chamber. A window should be made on the north side of the castle chapel, and a swing-bridge constructed. The cost of all this work will be paid when the work is completed.

An extract from King Henry III’s instructions to the Sheriff of Warwickshire in 1241–1242. The instructions were contained in an official document called the Pipe Rolls. The Pipe Rolls was a list of money spent by the government.

A recent photograph of Kenilworth Castle from across the mere.