OCR GCSE History A (Explaining the Modern World) British depth study with historic environment: The English Reformation c.1520-c.1550 + Castles: form and function c.1000-1750 June 2023 question paper J410/12

What was the impact of the dissolution of the monasteries between 1534 and 1540? Explain your answer.

Explain why Kenilworth Castle changed between c.1150 and c.1270.

Study Sources D and E.

Which of these sources is more useful to a historian studying the history of Kenilworth Castle from c.1300 to c.1750?

Source D

1379 40 oak trees to be cut down and the wood used to repair the floor of the Great Chamber so that dancing can take place at Christmas.

1381–3 Surveyor of the Works of the Castle authorised to sell the woods in five local areas to pay for new building works.

1391 Robert Skelynton, a stone mason, is to be contracted and paid £340. The money will be used to provide materials and employ twenty masons, carpenters and labourers from the county of Warwick to complete repairs and work on new buildings. This includes work on the Great Tower and its windows and doors to keep jewels safe, the building of a new bridge, new locks and keys, repairs of older bridges and repairs to the lead roofing on the Great Hall.

1392 £4 13 shillings and six pence spent on hay for oxen to carry the materials, and £4 four pence spent on ironwork for the windows.

Extracts from the accounts and papers of the earls and dukes of Lancaster. John of Gaunt held the title Duke of Lancaster when he owned the castle. The earls and dukes of Lancaster owned Kenilworth Castle for most of the 1300s.

A recent photograph of Kenilworth Castle, taken from the air.