OCR GCSE History A (Explaining the Modern World) British depth study with historic environment: Personal rule to restoration 1629-1660 + Castles: form and function c.1000-1750 June 2023 question paper J410/13

Explain the impact of Cromwell on the government of England between 1653 and 1658.

Study Sources A–C.

‘Between 1641 and 1642, Parliament was more opposed to Charles’ advisors than to Charles himself.’ How far do Sources A–C convince you that this statement is correct? Use the sources and your knowledge to explain your answer.

() Spelling, punctuation and grammar and the use of specialist terminology

Source A

Mr Speaker, when I first heard of the Remonstrance, what I imagined was a document which would help his Majesty to see the truth. I thought that we, as his faithful MPs, would merely be pointing out to the King the wicked advice of his evil councillors and Papists, and the superstition being brought in by some bishops.

I never dreamed that we should show such disrespect for the King as to tell stories about him to the ordinary people by publishing the Remonstrance for all to read.

An extract from a speech made to Parliament by the MP Sir Edward Dering. Sir Edward Dering later fought as a Royalist during the Civil War. The speech was made during the debate on the Grand Remonstrance in November 1641. The Remonstrance was passed shortly after this debate.

Source B

1. That they have attempted to deprive the King of his royal power.

2. That they have traitorously attempted to stir up hatred among the people against their King. They have done this by attacking the reputations of His Majesty and his government.

6. That they have attempted to bully Parliament into joining with them in their treason.

7. That they have plotted war against the King.

Some of the charges drawn up against the Five Members in January 1642. These charges were drawn up on the King’s orders.

Source C

There has recently been a most dangerous and desperate attack upon Parliament, which we have reason to believe to be the result of the wicked advice of Papists. We fear they will stir up rebellions in England and back them with forces from abroad.

For the sake of the safety of His Majesty and the rest of the Kingdom in this time of great danger, we hereby give the military commanders of this country the power to call together all of His Majesty’s subjects who are fit, and to train them and get them ready for war.

An extract from the ‘Militia Ordinance’, passed by Parliament in March 1642. An ordinance is a declaration approved by Parliament and issued as a law (without the King’s approval).

Explain why Kenilworth Castle changed between c.1150 and c.1270.

Study Sources D and E.

Which of these sources is more useful to a historian studying the history of Kenilworth Castle from c.1300 to c.1750?

Source D

1379 40 oak trees to be cut down and the wood used to repair the floor of the Great Chamber so that dancing can take place at Christmas.

1381–3 Surveyor of the Works of the Castle authorised to sell the woods in five local areas to pay for new building works.

1391 Robert Skelynton, a stone mason, is to be contracted and paid £340. The money will be used to provide materials and employ twenty masons, carpenters and labourers from the county of Warwick to complete repairs and work on new buildings. This includes work on the Great Tower and its windows and doors to keep jewels safe, the building of a new bridge, new locks and keys, repairs of older bridges and repairs to the lead roofing on the Great Hall.

1392 £4 13 shillings and six pence spent on hay for oxen to carry the materials, and £4 four pence spent on ironwork for the windows.

Extracts from the accounts and papers of the earls and dukes of Lancaster. John of Gaunt held the title Duke of Lancaster when he owned the castle. The earls and dukes of Lancaster owned Kenilworth Castle for most of the 1300s.

A recent photograph of Kenilworth Castle, taken from the air.