OCR GCSE History A (Explaining the Modern World) British depth study with historic environment: Personal rule to restoration 1629-1660 + Castles: form and function c.1000-1750 June 2018 question paper J410/13

Explain why Parliament and the King were not able to reach a settlement between 1646 and 1648.

Study Sources A–C.

‘Cromwell was an unpopular ruler in the period 1653–1658.’ How far do Sources A–C convince you that this statement is correct? Use the sources and your knowledge to explain your answer.

() Spelling, punctuation and grammar and the use of specialist terminology

Source A

I am told that certain pamphlets of scandal and rebellion have been printed by several persons within the city of London. I order you to immediately go to the homes of all printers within the city that you suspect. Arrest them immediately and bring them before me. Seize the printing presses and pamphlets and any other papers that are in any way harmful to me or the state. You are authorised to break open any locks or bolts whatsoever.

An order from Cromwell to his officials about the publication of pamphlets from November 1654.

Source B

We in this present Parliament are thankful to Almighty God in saving us from the tyranny of King Charles. The same gracious God has preserved your life in many battles to make you an instrument for preserving our peace. We now declare to your Highness:

• We wish you to hold and exercise the office of ruler of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland.

• We wish you to govern according to the laws of these nations, and not otherwise.

• We wish that your Highness will, during your lifetime, appoint and declare the person who shall, immediately after your death, succeed you.

An extract from the Humble Petition and Advice, presented to Cromwell by Parliament in February 1657.

The front cover of a Royalist pamphlet published in 1660. The title of the pamphlet was ‘The Devil’s Council discovered, exposing all the plots of Oliver Cromwell and the Long Parliament to murder King Charles I of blessed memory’. The figure labelled A is the devil. B is Cromwell. The other figures are MPs and Army officers who served in Cromwell’s Council.

Explain how Framlingham Castle changed between 1100 and c.1250.