OCR GCSE History A (Explaining the Modern World) British depth study with historic environment: Personal rule to restoration 1629-1660 + Castles: form and function c.1000-1750 June 2019 question paper J410/13

Explain why there was tension between Charles I and Parliament in the period 1629 to 1642.

Study Sources A–C.

‘In the years 1646 to 1648 Charles I and his opponents failed to reach a settlement because both sides were unreasonable. ’ How far do Sources A–C convince you that this statement is correct?

Use the sources and your knowledge to explain your answer.

() Spelling, punctuation and grammar and the use of specialist terminology

Source A

Last Saturday I received a copy of the propositions. I can assure you that I could never accept them without losing my conscience, crown, and honour, and I will never agree to them. But I will delay a flat refusal for as long as possible. The only difficulty is how to write a polite and flattering response so that the negotiations continue.

An extract from a letter from Charles to his wife whilst he was in the custody of the Scottish army in July 1646. The ‘propositions’ he refers to are the Propositions of Newcastle.

Source B

I came to the negotiations suspicious of Cromwell and with the job of finding out if he really was sincere about reaching a settlement with the King. But in all my discussions with him, I found no man so keen for a speedy settlement as Cromwell was. Sometimes he complained of Ireton’s slowness in perfecting the proposals, and of not being sensitive to his Majesty.

An extract from a description of the negotiations between the King and Cromwell in July 1647. It was written by Sir John Berkeley, a former Royalist general. Ireton was a commander in the New Model Army.

Source C

The Lords and Commons assembled in Parliament have made many attempts to prevent and then end this unnatural war started by His Majesty against his Parliament and kingdom. All have been completely refused by His Majesty. We must therefore settle the present government in such a way as to bring the greatest security to this kingdom. We have made the following decisions:

1. Parliament will make no further negotiations with the King. 2. No person is allowed to negotiate with the King without the permission of Parliament. 3. Any person breaking this order shall be guilty of high treason. 4. Parliament will accept no more messages from the King.

From the Vote of No Addresses, passed by Parliament in January 1648.

Explain how the main functions of Kenilworth Castle changed in the period 1120 to 1399.

Study Sources D and E.

Which of these sources is more useful to a historian studying the history of Kenilworth Castle from

c.1500 to c.1700?

Source D

The castle of Kenilworth is very stately, being surrounded by water. Entry is through one very strong gate into an attractive courtyard where your forefathers used to joust. It leads to another fine and strong gatehouse into another courtyard. There you find the brew house, water mill, bakehouse and very handsome stables. There is also a house for the constable of the castle. The great hall is marvelously stately and the royal chamber is most fair. The park surrounding the castle is great indeed, and there are fine views of it from the hall. From a great bay window you can watch deer being taken and fish caught from the lake.

An extract from a survey of Kenilworth Castle in 1563. The survey was carried out for Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, who was given the castle by Queen Elizabeth.

Source E

An engraving of Kenilworth Castle around 1700. It was produced for a book which was aimed at wealthy people who had an interest in touring the countryside.