OCR GCSE History A (Explaining the Modern World) Period study with non-British depth study: International relations 1918-2001 + USA 1919-1948: the people and the state June 2023 question paper J410/06

Outline how the USA took action against the spread of communism around the world in the

1960s.

Explain why there was tension in Europe in the 1930s.

Study Interpretation A.

Do you think this interpretation is a fair comment on the British policy of appeasement? Use other interpretations of the events of 1937–1939 and your knowledge to support your

answer.

Study Interpretation B.

Explain why not all historians and commentators have agreed with this interpretation.

Use other interpretations and your knowledge to support your answer.

() Spelling, punctuation and grammar and the use of specialist terminology

Interpretation B

In the Cold War, both the United States and the Soviet Union were driven by many forces: the Soviet Union by its need for security and to rebuild after the destruction of war; the USA by its belief in countries’ rights to independence, fear of communism and its view of its own supremacy and power. All of this made their confrontation a hostile one. Although they looked for peace, their beliefs made understanding each other impossible.

From ‘The United States and the Origins of the Cold War’, a book written by the US historian John Lewis Gaddis and published in the USA in 1972.

Describe one organisation that tried to improve the lives of African Americans in the 1920s.

Explain two reasons for the success of the American economy in the 1920s.

Study Source A.

What is the cartoonist’s message?

A cartoon published in an American newspaper in early 1932. The figure in the cartoon symbolises the United States and is known as Uncle Sam.

Study Source B.

Explain how this source is useful to a historian studying the New Deal.

Source B

The New Deal has troubled American business. It competes in every way with private industry. The New Deal, in the words of Mr Roosevelt himself, has set up ‘new tools of public power’. These tools are dangerous in the hands of men who might misuse that power. In a word, the New Deal has sought to destroy the American system of government. The New Deal represents an attempt to set up a government which has complete control.

An extract from a radio broadcast produced in 1936. The speaker was a member of the American Liberty League. Many members of the American Liberty League were wealthy businessmen.

8* ‘Racial tensions in the USA reduced as a result of the Second World War.’

How far do you agree?