AQA GCSE Physics Paper 1 Foundation November 2021 question paper 8463/1F

A student investigated the three states of matter.

The arrangement of particles in the three states of matter are different.

Draw one line from each particle arrangement to the state of matter.

A large lump of ice was heated and changed state.

Figure 1 shows how the temperature varied with time.

Which part of Figure 1 shows when the ice was melting?

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Which part of Figure 1 shows when the water was boiling?

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Which property of the water particles changes as the temperature of the water increases?

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Calculate the thermal energy needed to melt 0.250 kg of ice at 0 °C.

specific latent heat of fusion of water = 334 000 J/kg

Use the equation:

thermal energy = mass × specific latent heat

Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box.

A substance is heated and changes directly from a solid to a gas.

Figure 2 shows part of the National Grid linking a power station to consumers.

Name the parts of Figure 2 labelled A and B.

Electricity is transmitted through A at a very high potential difference.

What is the advantage of transmitting electricity at a very high potential difference?

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The power station generates electricity at a potential difference of 25 000 V.

The energy transferred by the power station in one second is 500 000 000 J.

Calculate the charge flow from the power station in one second.

Use the equation:

The electricity supply to a house has a potential difference of 230 V.

Table 1 shows the current in some appliances in the house.

Calculate the total power of all the appliances in Table 1.

Use the equation:

power = potential difference × current

Each appliance in Table 1 is switched on for 2 hours.

Which appliance will transfer the most energy?

Give a reason for your answer.

The average energy transferred from the National Grid every second for each person in the UK is 600 J.

There are 32 000 000 seconds in one year.

Calculate the average energy transferred each year from the National Grid for each person in the UK.

A student investigated the density of different fruits.

To determine the density of each fruit, the student measured the volume of each fruit.

Figure 3 shows the equipment the student could have used.

Describe a method the student could have used to measure the volume of the lime.

The student measured the volume of each fruit three times and then calculated a mean value.

The three measurements for a grape were

Calculate the mean value.

What are the advantages of taking three measurements and calculating a mean value?

Tick (✓) two boxes.

The mass of an apple was 84.0 g.

The volume of the apple was 120 cm³.

Calculate the density of the apple.

Give your answer in g/cm³.

Use the equation:

A student investigated how the current in a circuit varied with the number of lamps connected in parallel in the circuit.

Figure 4 shows the circuit with three identical lamps connected in parallel.

Figure 5 shows the results.

Complete the sentences.

Choose answers from the box.

Each answer can be used once, more than once or not at all.

decreased stayed the same increased

As the number of lamps increased, the current

As the number of lamps increased, the total resistance of the

circuit.

As the number of lamps increased, the potential difference across the

battery.

When there were three lamps in the circuit the ammeter reading kept changing between 0.35 A and 0.36 A.

What type of error would this lead to?

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Figure 6 shows a circuit with five ammeters and three identical lamps.

Complete Table 2 to show the readings on ammeters A₂ and A₅.

The resistance of one lamp is 15 Ω.

The current in the lamp is 0.12 A.

Calculate the power output of the lamp.

Use the equation: power = current² × resistance

Atoms of different elements have different properties.

Which of the following is the same for all atoms of the same element?

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Which of the following is different for isotopes of the same element?

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A nucleus emits radiation.

Figure 7 shows how the mass number and the atomic number change.

The nucleus is labelled D.

Which type of radiation is emitted when nucleus D decays?

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Nucleus E also emits radiation.

Figure 8 shows how the mass number and the atomic number change for nucleus E.

Which type of radiation is emitted when nucleus E decays?

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Beta radiation can be used to monitor the thickness of paper during production.

Figure 9 shows how the radiation is used.

The computer uses information from the radiation detector to change the size of the gap between the rollers.

Complete the sentences.

Choose answers from the box.

Each answer can be used once, more than once or not at all.

The thickness of the paper between the beta source and the detector increases.

This is because the amount of radiation absorbed by the paper

All radioactive elements have a half-life.

What is meant by ‘half-life’?

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Why should the radiation source used in Figure 9 have a long half-life?

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Figure 10 shows a house with a solar power system.

The solar cells generate electricity.

When the electricity generated by the solar cells is not needed, the energy is stored in a large battery.

The solar cells on the roof of the house always face in the same direction.

Explain one disadvantage caused by the solar cells only facing in one direction.

The mean current from the solar cells to the battery is 3.5 A.

Calculate the charge flow from the solar cells to the battery in 3600 seconds.

Use the equation: charge flow = current × time

Write down the equation which links efficiency, total power input and useful power output.

At one time in the day, the total power input to the solar cells was 7500 W.

The efficiency of the solar cells was 0.16

Calculate the useful power output of the solar cells.

The wasted energy that is not usefully transferred by the solar cells is dissipated.

What happens to energy that has been dissipated?

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Why is it unlikely that all the UK’s electricity needs could be met by solar power systems?

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Figure 11 shows a diver about to dive off a diving board.

Complete the sentences.

Choose answers from the box.

elastic potential gravitational potential kinetic nuclear

As the diver falls towards the water there is a decrease in

her energy.

As the diver falls towards the water there is an increase in

her energy.

Write down the equation which links kinetic energy (E_k), mass (m) and speed (v).

At the instant the diver hits the water, the kinetic energy of the diver is 5040 J.

The speed of the diver is 12 m/s.

Calculate the mass of the diver.

Most of the kinetic energy of the diver is transferred to the water.

How does this affect the thermal energy of the water?

Tick (✓) one box.

A teacher demonstrated the relationship between the pressure in a gas and the volume of the gas.

Figure 12 shows the equipment used.

What is the range of the syringe?

Tick (✓) one box.

The relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas is given by the equation:

pressure × volume = constant

Complete the sentence.

of the gas must stay the same.

The initial volume of the gas in the syringe was 12 cm³.

The initial pressure of the gas in the syringe was 101 000 Pa.

Calculate the constant in the equation below.

pressure × volume = constant

The teacher pulled the plunger slowly outwards and the gas expanded.

The new volume of the gas was 24 cm³.

Calculate the new pressure in the gas.

The constant has the same value as in Question 08.3

Which change occurs when the plunger is pulled slowly outwards?

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Figure 13 shows an electric car being recharged.

The charging station applies a direct potential difference across the battery of the car.

What does ‘direct potential difference’ mean?

Which equation links energy transferred (E), power (P) and time (t)?

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The battery in the electric car can store 162 000 000 J of energy.

The charging station has a power output of 7200 W.

Calculate the time taken to fully recharge the battery from zero.

Which equation links current (I), potential difference (V) and resistance (R)?

Tick (✓) one box.

The potential difference across the battery is 480 V.

There is a current of 15 A in the circuit connecting the battery to the motor of the electric car.

Calculate the resistance of the motor.

Different charging systems use different electrical currents.

• Charging system A has a current of 13 A.

• Charging system B has a current of 26 A.

• The potential difference of both charging systems is 230 V.

How does the time taken to recharge a battery using charging system A compare with the time taken using charging system B ?

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Energy from the Sun is released by nuclear fusion.

Complete the sentences.

Nuclear fusion of deuterium is difficult to achieve on Earth because of the high temperature needed.

Electricity is used to increase the temperature of 4.0 g of deuterium by 50 000 000 °C.

specific heat capacity of deuterium = 5200 J/kg °C

Calculate the energy needed to increase the temperature of the deuterium by 50 000 000 °C.

Use the Physics Equations Sheet.

The idea of obtaining power from nuclear fusion was investigated using models.

The models were tested before starting to build the first commercial nuclear fusion power station.

Suggest two reasons why models were tested.

Generating electricity using nuclear fusion will have fewer environmental effects than generating electricity using fossil fuels.

Explain one environmental effect of generating electricity using fossil fuels.

Student A investigated how the current in resistor R at constant temperature varied with the potential difference across the resistor.

Student A recorded both positive and negative values of current.

Figure 14 shows the circuit Student A used.

Describe a method that Student A could use for this investigation.

Student B repeated the investigation.

During Student B ’s investigation the temperature of resistor R increased.

Explain how the increased temperature of resistor R would have affected Student B ’s results.

Figure 15 shows the scale on a moving coil ammeter at one time in the investigation.

What is the resolution of the moving coil ammeter?

Student B replaced the moving coil ammeter with a digital ammeter.

Figure 16 shows the reading on the digital ammeter.

The digital ammeter has a higher resolution than the moving coil ammeter.

Give one other reason why it would have been better to use the digital ammeter throughout this investigation.