AQA GCSE Physics Paper 1 Foundation June 2023 question paper 8463/1F

A student investigated how the current in a filament lamp varies with the potential difference across the lamp.

Figure 1 shows the circuit used.

What is component P ?

Complete the sentences.

Choose answers from the box.

The ammeter in the circuit measures.

The voltmeter in the circuit measures.

How will increasing the resistance of the variable resistor in Figure 1 affect each of the following quantities?

Tick (✓) one box in each row.

A charge flow of 15 coulombs passed through the filament lamp in a time of 60 seconds.

Calculate the current in the lamp.

Use the equation:

When the current in the filament lamp is 0.12 A, the potential difference across the lamp is 6.0 V.

Calculate the resistance of the filament lamp.

Use the equation:

The student repeated the investigation after replacing the lamp with a resistor at constant temperature and then a diode.

The student plotted a graph for each component.

Draw one line from each component to its graph.

Figure 2 shows an ammeter.

The ammeter is not connected to a circuit.

What type of error does the ammeter display?

Tick (✓) one box.

Scientists developed different models of the atom as new discoveries were made.

Which particle in the atom was discovered first?

Tick (✓) one box.

In an experiment that led to the nuclear model of the atom, alpha particles were directed at a sheet of gold foil.

Figure 3 shows the path of three alpha particles passing close to a gold nucleus.

An alpha particle has a radius of 1.7 femtometres.

The radius of a gold nucleus is 4.2 times larger than the radius of an alpha particle.

Calculate the radius of a gold nucleus in femtometres.

Alpha particles are deflected by the gold nucleus.

What are the charges on an alpha particle and a gold nucleus?

Tick (✓) one box.

Which statement describes the force between the alpha particle and the gold nucleus?

Tick (✓) one box.

Which alpha particle in Figure 3 experiences the largest force from the gold nucleus?

Tick (✓) one box.

Table 1 lists different models of the atom in alphabetical order.

Which model in Table 1 was developed first?

Which model in Table 1 was developed last?

Some isotopes emit nuclear radiation.

Carbon-12 and carbon-14 are both isotopes of carbon.

Complete the sentences.

Choose answers from the box.

The nucleus of a carbon-12 atom and the nucleus of a carbon-14 atom have the

same number of.

The nucleus of a carbon-12 atom and the nucleus of a carbon-14 atom have a

different number of.

Different radioactive isotopes have different half-lives.

What does ‘half-life’ mean?

Tick (✓) one box.

Table 2 shows the half-life of some different isotopes of carbon.

Which isotope is the least stable?

Tick (✓) one box.

Workers in nuclear power stations must be aware of nuclear irradiation and radioactive contamination.

Draw one line from each term to an example of the term.

Why are workers required to walk across a sticky floor before leaving the nuclear power station?

Tick (✓) one box.

The places where people work and live contribute to the nuclear radiation they are exposed to.

Table 3 shows the mean daily dose of radiation caused by two different jobs.

Calculate the number of days a nuclear power station worker must work before receiving the same dose that an aeroplane pilot receives in one day.

The process of nuclear fission takes place in nuclear power stations.

The process of nuclear fusion takes place in the Sun.

Draw one line from each process to its fuel.

The UK uses renewable energy resources to generate some of its electricity.

Figure 4 shows the proportion of electricity generated by different renewable energy resources in the UK in 2020.

Calculate the percentage of electricity generated using hydroelectric power.

A remote village in the UK uses a hydroelectric generator to provide electricity.

The mass of water that passes through the hydroelectric generator each day is 2 500 000 kg.

The change in vertical height of the water is 15.0 m.

gravitational field strength = 9.8 N/kg

Calculate the decrease in gravitational potential energy of the water.

Use the equation:

gravitational potential energy = mass × gravitational field strength × height

Use the Physics Equations Sheet to answer questions 04.3 and 04.4.

Write down the equation which links energy (E), power (P) and time (t).

The hydroelectric generator transfers electrical power of 3000 W to the village.

Calculate the energy transferred to the village in 60 minutes.

The hydroelectric generator is turned by falling river water.

Figure 5 shows how the power output of the hydroelectric generator varied during one year.

Explain one reason why the power output varied.

A student investigated how different insulating materials affect the energy transfer from bottles of very hot water.

Figure 6 shows some of the equipment used.

To prevent spillages the student used a funnel to pour very hot water into each bottle.

Why did the student use the funnel?

Tick (✓) one box.

Why did the student not use insulation for bottle A ?

Tick (✓) one box.

The student recorded how much the temperature of the water in each bottle changed in five minutes.

What equipment could the student use to measure time?

Table 4 shows the results.

Figure 6 is repeated below.

The student could not make a valid conclusion from the results about how different insulating materials affect the energy transfer.

Explain two ways that the student could improve the investigation to be able to make a valid conclusion.

Use Figure 6 and Table 4.

Figure 7 shows the graph plotted by the student.

The student should not have plotted a line graph.

What type of graph should the student have plotted?

Give a reason for your answer.

Figure 8 shows a student before and during a bungee jump.

The diagram is not to scale.

In position B, the student is moving towards the river and the bungee cord is stretching.

How do the energy stores in position B compare with the energy stores in position A ?

Tick (✓) one box in each row.

The bungee cord behaves like a spring with a spring constant of 78.4 N/m.

At one point in the bungee jump, the extension of the bungee cord is 25 m.

Calculate the elastic potential energy stored by the bungee cord.

Use the equation:

elastic potential energy = 0.5 × spring constant × extension²

Table 5 shows information about different bungee cords.

Bungee cord C will have a smaller extension than A or B for any bungee jumper.

Give the reason why.

Which bungee cord would be safest to use for a person with a large weight?

Give a reason for your answer.

A teacher demonstrated the relationship between the pressure and the volume of a fixed mass of gas at a constant temperature.

Figure 9 shows the equipment used.

Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box.

Particles in a gas move in

Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box.

Particles in a gas move with

Table 6 shows some of the results.

Complete Figure 10. The first point has been plotted for you.

You should:

• plot the points from Table 6

• draw the line of best fit.

The relationship between the pressure and the volume of a gas is given by the equation:

pressure × volume = constant

Calculate the constant when the pressure of the gas was 300 kPa.

Use Table 6.

When the volume of the gas increases, the pressure in the gas decreases.

The temperature of the gas stays the same.

How does increasing the volume affect each of the following quantities?

Tick (✓) one box in each row.

Figure 11 shows how the National Grid connects a power station to consumers.

Complete the sentences.

Use the Physics Equations Sheet to answer questions 08.2 and 08.3.

Which equation links current (I), power (P) and resistance (R)?

Tick (✓) one box.

A transmission cable has a power loss of 1.60 × 10⁹ W.

The current in the cable is 2000 A.

Calculate the resistance of the cable.

Use the Physics Equations Sheet to answer questions 08.4 and 08.5.

Write down the equation which links efficiency, total energy input and useful energy output.

The total energy input to the National Grid from one power station is 34.2 GJ.

The National Grid has an efficiency of 0.992

Calculate the useful energy output from this power station to consumers in GJ.

Figure 12 shows the equipment a student used to determine the specific heat capacity of iron.

The iron block the student used has two holes, one for the heater and one for the thermometer.

Before the power supply was switched on, the thermometer was used to measure the temperature of the iron block.

The student left the thermometer in the iron block for a few minutes before recording the initial temperature.

Suggest why.

Figure 13 shows how the temperature changed after the power supply was switched on.

The energy transferred to the iron block between 5 and 10 minutes was 26 000 J.

The mass of the iron block was 2.0 kg.

Calculate the specific heat capacity of iron.

Use information from Figure 13 and the Physics Equations Sheet.

The student repeated the investigation but wrapped insulation around the iron block.

What effect will adding insulation have had on the investigation?

Tick (✓) two boxes.

Figure 14 shows an electrical circuit used to heat the windscreen of a car.

Each resistor in the circuit represents a heating element.

The 12 V battery supplies direct potential difference.

What is meant by ‘direct potential difference’?

Use the Physics Equations Sheet to answer questions 10.2 and 10.3.

Which equation links charge flow (Q), energy (E) and potential difference (V)?

Tick (✓) one box.

Calculate the charge flow through the 12 V battery when the battery transfers 5010 J of energy.

Ice forms on the windscreen at a temperature of 0 °C.

The electrical circuit transfers 5010 J of energy to the ice.

A mass of 0.015 kg of ice melts.

Calculate the specific latent heat of fusion of water.

Use the Physics Equations Sheet.

The electrical circuit was left switched on while the ice changed from a solid to a liquid and increased in temperature to 5 °C.

Explain the changes in the arrangement and movement of the particles as the ice melted and the temperature increased to 5 °C.