AQA GCSE Physics Paper 2 Foundation June 2023 question paper 8463/2F

A student carried out an investigation to determine the spring constant of a spring. Figure 1 shows the spring before and after a mass was hung from the end of the spring.

What is the extension of the spring in Figure 1 ? Tick (✓) one box.

Give one safety precaution the student should have taken during this investigation.

The student hung a mass of 0.050 kg from the spring. gravitational field strength = 9.8 N/kg Calculate the weight of the 0.050 kg mass. Use the equation: weight = mass × gravitational field strength

The weight of the mass applies a force to the spring. The student added more masses and recorded the extension of the spring. Which graph in Figure 2 shows the relationship between the force applied to the spring and the extension of the spring? Tick (✓) one box.

A force of 2.0 N was applied to a different spring. The extension of the spring was 0.080 m. Calculate the spring constant of the spring. Use the equation:

The stopping distance of a car is the braking distance added to the thinking distance.

Complete the sentences. Choose answers from the box.

A driver applies the brakes to a moving car.

energy of the car.

energy store of the brakes.

Figure 3 shows how the speed of the car affects the minimum braking distance of the car.

Describe the relationship between the speed of the car and the minimum braking distance of the car.

Complete the sentence. Choose the answer from the box.

A car driver applies the brakes to decelerate the car as it approaches a road junction. The car decelerates at 0.25 m/s². mass of the car = 1600 kg

Calculate the time taken for the velocity of the car to decrease from 12.5 m/s to 5.0 m/s. Use the equation:

Calculate the resultant force causing the car to decelerate. Use the equation: resultant force = mass × deceleration

Thinking distance is affected by the reaction time of the driver. Figure 4 shows how a student tested a person’s reaction time.

The student held a ruler and then released it. The person being tested closed his hand to catch the ruler as quickly as possible. The further the ruler fell the greater the person’s reaction time.

The student wanted to test the reaction time of the people in her class. Which of the following could have been a control variable in this investigation? Tick (✓) one box.

The student tested three people in her class. The mean distance that the ruler fell before being caught was 18.2 cm. If all of the people in her class were tested, the mean distance may not be 18.2 cm. Suggest why.

Describe how this investigation could be changed to find out how listening to music affects reaction time.

Figure 5 shows the magnetic field pattern produced when there is a current in a wire.

What do the arrows on the magnetic field lines represent?

How could the strength of the magnetic field be increased? Tick (✓) one box.

The wire is coiled to make a solenoid. Which diagram in Figure 6 shows the magnetic field pattern produced when there is a current in the solenoid?

Figure 7 shows the parts of an electric bell.

Figure 8 shows an incomplete sequence of how the bell works.

Write one letter in each box to show the correct sequence. Use each letter once. A A magnetic field is created around the electromagnet. B A resultant force acts on the iron arm causing it to move towards the electromagnet. C The iron arm returns to its original position. D There is a current in the circuit.

Which of the following would increase the resultant force on the iron arm? Tick (✓) one box.

The iron arm of the bell vibrates with a frequency of 6.25 Hz. Calculate the period of the iron arm. Use the equation:

The sound waves produced by the bell are longitudinal waves. Figure 9 shows the position of the air particles at one point in time as the sound waves travel through the air.

Which letter represents an area of compression? Tick (✓) one box.

Figure 10 shows an old scientific model of the solar system that has now been replaced.

Which statement is a reason for replacing an old scientific model with a newer scientific model? Tick (✓) one box.

Compare the model of the solar system used now with the old model of the solar system shown in Figure 10.

Table 1 shows data about four planets.

How does the time taken for one orbit change as the mean distance from the Sun increases?

The bar chart in Figure 11 shows some of the data from Table 1.

Complete the bar chart. Use data from Table 1.

All stars have a life cycle. A, B and C in Figure 12 represent three stages in the life cycle of the Sun. The stages are in the correct order. Draw one line from each stage to the name of the stage.

Stars act like black bodies. Which statement is true for perfect black bodies? Tick (✓) one box.

Electromagnetic waves are transverse. Figure 13 represents a transverse wave.

Which of the following gives the wavelength of the transverse wave? Tick (✓) one box.

Which of the following gives the amplitude of the transverse wave? Tick (✓) one box.

Microwaves are electromagnetic waves used for mobile phone communications. Which other type of electromagnetic wave is also used for communications? Tick (✓) one box.

Microwaves from a mobile phone take 0.000 009 s to reach a mobile phone mast. speed of microwaves = 300 000 000 m/s Calculate the distance between the mobile phone and the mobile phone mast. Use the equation: distance = speed × time

Mobile phone communications is only one of the uses for microwaves. Give one other use of microwaves.

A student investigated the refraction of light through a glass block. Figure 14 shows the ray box used. The student aimed the beam of light from the ray box towards a glass block. The student measured the angle of incidence at the point where the light entered the glass block.

Why is using a wide beam of light less likely to give accurate results than using a narrow beam? Tick (✓) one box.

Figure 15 shows the beam of light incident on the glass block.

Complete Figure 15 to show the path taken by the beam of light through the glass block and back into the air.

Figure 16 shows the protractor used by the student.

What is the resolution of the protractor? Tick (✓) one box.

For one angle of incidence the student measured the angle of refraction three times. The three measurements were: 35° 31° 33° Calculate the mean angle of refraction.

The student placed a red filter in front of the white beam of light. Only red light passes through the filter.

Complete the sentence.

When white light is incident on the red filter, all colours except for red are

Use the Physics Equations Sheet to answer questions 06.6 and 06.7.

Light has a wave speed of 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s in air. The frequency of the red light is 4.0 × 10¹⁴ Hz. Calculate the wavelength of the red light in air.

Figure 17 shows the Hubble Space Telescope orbiting the Earth.

What name is given to an object that orbits a planet? Tick (✓) one box.

The Earth exerts a gravitational force on the Hubble Space Telescope. Draw an arrow on Figure 17 to show the gravitational force.

Figure 18 shows how the distance travelled by the Hubble Space Telescope during its orbit changes with time.

The gradient of the line in Figure 18 gives the speed of the Hubble Space Telescope. Determine the speed of the Hubble Space Telescope. Give your answer in km/s.

The Hubble Space Telescope can detect the visible light spectra from distant galaxies. The visible light spectra from stars and galaxies include dark lines at specific wavelengths. Figure 19 shows the visible light spectra from the Sun and three galaxies.

Which galaxy is moving away from the Earth the fastest? Tick (✓) one box.

Which galaxy is the furthest away from the Earth? Tick (✓) one box.

New scientific observations indicate that many galaxies rotate too quickly for the known mass of the stars they contain. Why is it important that new scientific observations are peer reviewed? Tick (✓) one box.

Lenses can be used to form an image of an object.

Figure 20 shows parallel rays of light being refracted by a convex lens.

What is the position marked ‘ F ’ called? Tick (✓) one box.

Complete the ray diagram in Figure 21 to show how a concave lens forms the image of the object. Use an arrow to represent the image.

Figure 22 shows how a convex lens can be used to form a magnified image of an object.

Give two ways that the image formed by the convex lens in Figure 22 is similar to the image formed by the concave lens.

A convex lens is used as a magnifying glass to identify a symbol on the back of a silver spoon. The symbol has an actual height of 1.6 mm. The magnification produced by the lens is 3.5 Calculate the image height of the symbol when viewed through the magnifying glass. Use the Physics Equations Sheet.

Infrared waves are transverse waves.

Complete the sentence.

to the direction of energy transfer by the wave.

A student investigated how the colour of a surface affects the rate at which the surface emits infrared radiation. Figure 23 shows some of the equipment used.

The student wrote the following hypothesis: ‘The black-coloured flask will emit more infrared radiation than the silver-coloured flask during 10 minutes of cooling.’ Describe a method to test this hypothesis.

When will the flasks emit infrared radiation at the greatest rate? Give a reason for your answer. Tick (✓) one box.

Another student investigated the absorption of infrared radiation by different surface colours. The student filled four hollow metal cubes with cold water. Each cube was the same size but had a different surface colour. The cubes were then placed the same distance from an infrared heater. After 10 minutes, the student measured the temperature increase of the water inside each cube.

What was the dependent variable in this investigation?

Table 2 shows the results.

Give two conclusions that can be made from the results in Table 2.

Figure 24 shows one of the cubes. The cube is filled with water. The weight of the water exerts a pressure on the bottom of the cube.

Use the Physics Equations Sheet to answer questions 09.6 and 09.7.

Which equation correctly links area, force and pressure? Tick (✓) one box.

The water pressure at the bottom of the cube is 1500 Pa. Calculate the force of the water on the bottom of the cube.

Figure 25 shows the route an aeroplane takes as it travels from an airport terminal to the runway. Figure 25 has been drawn to scale.

Determine the magnitude of the aeroplane’s displacement from the start point to the finish point on Figure 25.

Figure 26 shows the direction of the horizontal forces acting on the aeroplane as it moves in a straight line towards the runway.

Determine the magnitude of the resultant horizontal force on the aeroplane.

Describe the motion of the aeroplane as it moves towards the runway.

Air resistance and friction are contact forces. Give one other example of a contact force.

The aeroplane stops for a short time and then accelerates along the runway. Figure 27 shows a distance–time sketch-graph for this stage of the journey.

Draw the velocity–time sketch-graph for this stage of the journey on Figure 28.

The aeroplane takes off from the runway, so its height above the ground increases. Figure 29 shows how atmospheric pressure varies with the height of the aeroplane above the ground.

Estimate the atmospheric pressure when the height of the aeroplane above the ground is 10 km.

What happens to the air surrounding the aeroplane as the height of the aeroplane above the ground increases? Tick (✓) one box.