AQA GCSE Physics Paper 1 Higher June 2023 question paper 8463/1H

Figure 1 shows how the National Grid connects a power station to consumers.

Complete the sentences.

Use the Physics Equations Sheet to answer questions 01.2 and 01.3.

Which equation links current (I), power (P) and resistance (R)? Tick (✓) one box.

A transmission cable has a power loss of 1.60 × 10⁹ W. The current in the cable is 2000 A. Calculate the resistance of the cable.

Use the Physics Equations Sheet to answer questions 01.4 and 01.5.

Write down the equation which links efficiency, total energy input and useful energy output.

The total energy input to the National Grid from one power station is 34.2 GJ. The National Grid has an efficiency of 0.992 Calculate the useful energy output from this power station to consumers in GJ.

Figure 2 shows the equipment a student used to determine the specific heat capacity of iron. The iron block the student used has two holes, one for the heater and one for the thermometer.

Before the power supply was switched on, the thermometer was used to measure the temperature of the iron block. The student left the thermometer in the iron block for a few minutes before recording the initial temperature. Suggest why.

Figure 3 shows how the temperature changed after the power supply was switched on.

The energy transferred to the iron block between 5 and 10 minutes was 26 000 J. The mass of the iron block was 2.0 kg. Calculate the specific heat capacity of iron. Use information from Figure 3 and the Physics Equations Sheet.

The student repeated the investigation but wrapped insulation around the iron block. What effect will adding insulation have had on the investigation? Tick (✓) two boxes.

Figure 4 shows an electrical circuit used to heat the windscreen of a car. Each resistor in the circuit represents a heating element.

The 12 V battery supplies direct potential difference. What is meant by ‘direct potential difference’?

Use the Physics Equations Sheet to answer questions 03.2 and 03.3.

Which equation links charge flow (Q), energy (E) and potential difference (V)? Tick (✓) one box.

Calculate the charge flow through the 12 V battery when the battery transfers 5010 J of energy.

Ice forms on the windscreen at a temperature of 0 °C. The electrical circuit transfers 5010 J of energy to the ice. A mass of 0.015 kg of ice melts. Calculate the specific latent heat of fusion of water. Use the Physics Equations Sheet.

The electrical circuit was left switched on while the ice changed from a solid to a liquid and increased in temperature to 5 °C. Explain the changes in the arrangement and movement of the particles as the ice melted and the temperature increased to 5 °C.

A remote village in the UK uses a hydroelectric generator to provide electricity.

In one day, 2 500 000 kg of water passes through the hydroelectric generator. The change in gravitational potential energy of the water is 367.5 MJ. gravitational field strength = 9.8 N/kg Calculate the mean change in vertical height of the water as it moves through the hydroelectric generator. Use the Physics Equations Sheet.

The generator transfers 3.0 kW of electrical power. Calculate the time taken for the generator to transfer 2.16 × 10⁷ J of energy. Use the Physics Equations Sheet. Give your answer in standard form.

Figure 5 shows how the power output of the generator varied during one year.

A solar power system is installed in the remote village in addition to the hydroelectric generator. Explain why this improves the reliability of the electricity supply to the village. Use information from Figure 5.

Some isotopes emit nuclear radiation.

Carbon-14 and carbon-12 are isotopes of carbon. Compare the structure of an atom of carbon-14 with the structure of an atom of carbon-12.

Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope. Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5700 years. What does ‘a half-life of 5700 years’ mean?

Table 1 gives the half-life of some other radioactive isotopes.

A sample of fluorine-17 has an activity that is one quarter of its original activity. Calculate the age of the sample of fluorine-17.

All of the isotopes in Table 1 emit beta radiation. Explain which isotope would cause the biggest risk to a person’s health based only on the half-life of each isotope.

People who work in the nuclear power industry need to be aware of irradiation and contamination. Describe the difference between irradiation and contamination.

Give one health risk to a person working close to a source of nuclear radiation.

Workers in nuclear power stations are monitored to check the radiation they emit. A worker stands 1 cm away from a radiation detector. The amount of radiation the worker emits is recorded. Explain why the worker needs to stand close to the radiation detector.

Workers in the nuclear power industry are exposed to nuclear radiation. Pilots on aircraft are exposed to cosmic radiation from space. daily dose caused by working in a nuclear power station = 0.00050 mSv hourly dose from cosmic rays to a pilot while flying = 0.0030 mSv Calculate the number of days it takes for a nuclear power station worker to receive the same dose as a pilot flying for 24 hours.

A student investigated how the current in a filament lamp varies with the potential difference across the filament lamp. Figure 6 shows the results.

Describe a method the student could use to obtain these results. You should include a circuit diagram.

Determine the resistance of the filament lamp when the potential difference across it is +3.0 V. Use the Physics Equations Sheet. Use Figure 6 on page 18.

The current in the lamp is 0.21 A when the potential difference across the lamp is 6.0 V. Calculate the energy transferred by the filament lamp in 30 minutes. Use the Physics Equations Sheet.

The power output of the lamp is 1.0 W when the potential difference across the lamp is 5.0 V. A student predicts that the power output would be 4.0 W if the potential difference was doubled. Explain why the student is not correct.

A baby bouncer is a harness attached to a spring that hangs from a door frame. Figure 7 shows a baby in a baby bouncer in two positions.

The baby bouncer should not be used with babies that have a mass greater than 12 kg. Suggest one reason why.

In positions A and B the baby is stationary. Describe the energy transfers as the baby moves from position A to position B.

In one position the extension of the spring is 8.0 cm. The elastic potential energy stored by the spring is 4.0 J. Calculate the spring constant of the spring. Use the Physics Equations Sheet.

Scientists developed new models of the atom as new particles were discovered.

Draw one line from each particle to the year it was discovered.

The nucleus was discovered using an alpha particle scattering experiment. Alpha particles were directed at a sheet of gold foil. Figure 8 shows the paths taken by seven alpha particles, A, B, C, D, E, F and G.

Explain why alpha particle A takes the path shown in Figure 8.

Explain why the path of alpha particle B is more tightly curved than the path of alpha particle C.

What can be deduced about the atom from the paths taken by alpha particles D, E, F and G in Figure 8 ? Tick (✓) one box.

How is the Bohr model of the atom different from the nuclear model of the atom?

Explain how an electron can move up and down between energy levels in an atom.

Figure 9 shows air being pumped into a car tyre.

Complete the sentence.

When the tyre is at the correct pressure, pumping more air into the tyre causes the pressure to increase further. The volume and temperature of the air in the tyre do not change. Explain why the pressure increases as more air is pumped into the tyre.

The air pressure in a car tyre changes if the temperature of the air in the tyre increases. Explain why.