Edexcel GCSE Physics Paper 1 Higher June 2019 question paper 1PH0/1H

The work done to bring a car to rest is given by the equation

work done = braking forcebraking distance

Which of these graphs is correct for the car if a constant braking force is applied?

Before the car brakes it has kinetic energy. The kinetic energy decreases as it brakes.

State what happens to the kinetic energy during braking.

The graph in Figure 1 shows how the braking distance, d, of a car depends on the velocity, v, of the car when the brakes are first applied.

An equation relating braking distance, d, to velocity, v, is

where C is a constant.

Use the equation and data from the graph in Figure 1 to calculate a value for C.

Give a unit for C.

Which colour of visible light has the longest wavelength?

Some television remote controls use infrared radiation and other remote controls use radio waves.

Explain why an infrared remote control may not switch on the television from behind an armchair but a radio wave remote control always will.

Figure 2 is a diagram of a water wave.

A cork is floating on the water.

Use the scale on the diagram to measure the wavelength of the wave.

Describe the motion of the cork.

You should include how the cork moves relative to the direction of travel of the wave.

A different water wave has a wavelength of 0.25 m and a frequency of 1.5 Hz.

Calculate the wave speed.

Carbon‑13 and carbon‑14 are isotopes of carbon.

Nuclei of carbon‑13 and carbon‑14 can be represented by these symbols

13 14

Complete the table for an atom of carbon‑13 and an atom of carbon‑14.

State the name of an instrument that can be used to measure radioactivity.

State two sources of background radiation.

Carbon‑14 is radioactive and has a half‑life of 5 700 years.

The number of radioactive carbon‑14 atoms in a very old piece of wood is found to have decreased from 1 000 000 to 125 000.

Determine the age of the piece of wood.

Carbon‑14 decays into nitrogen‑14.

The symbol for nitrogen‑14 is¹⁴₇N

Explain what happens in a carbon‑14 nucleus when it decays to a nitrogen‑14 nucleus.

Which lens is a converging lens with the greatest power?

The equation that relates the power of a lens to the focal length of the lens is

The power of a lens is 5 dioptres.

Use the equation to calculate the focal length of the lens in cm.

Figure 3 shows a semicircular glass block.

Figure 3

Describe how a student could use the semicircular glass block and other apparatus to determine the critical angle for a glass‑air boundary.

You should add to the diagram in Figure 3 to help with your answer.

A long time ago, scientists believed that the Earth was at the centre of the Solar System.

Evidence has since proved that the Sun is at the centre of the Solar System.

State one other idea about the Solar System that has changed over time.

Figure 4 shows data for some of the planets of the Solar System.

distance from the Sun in millions of km

Figure 4

Ceres is an asteroid that orbits the Sun between Mars and Jupiter. It takes Ceres 4.6 Earth years to make one orbit of the Sun.

Use the graph to estimate the distance of Ceres from the Sun.

Show your working.

distance of Ceres from the Sun =_........ millions of km

Figure 5 shows a way of projecting a small trolley up a sloping track.

When the button is pressed, a spring is released in P that projects the trolley up the track.

The trolley travels up the track, stops and then rolls back down.

The spring in P always exerts the same force when projecting the trolley.

A student investigates how the mass of the trolley affects the maximum vertical height, h, reached by the trolley.

State the measurements the student should make to complete the investigation.

You should make use of the equipment shown in Figure 5 and any other equipment that is needed.

Figure 6 is a graph of the student’s results.

The student states that the energy transferred by the spring is the same each time it is used.

Use data from any two points on the graph in Figure 6 to support this statement.

Describe how the student could extend the investigation to determine the average speed of the trolley as it rolls back down the track.

The diagram in Figure 7 shows two students, P and Q, trying to measure the speed of sound in air.

When Q hears the clap, she will stop the timer.

Explain one way the students could improve their method.

Figure 8 shows a long metal rod and a hammer. The rod is hit at one end by the hammer. This causes a sound wave to travel along the inside of the metal rod.

Describe how hitting the rod causes a sound wave to travel along the inside of the rod.

Sound travels slower in air than it does in water.

Figure 9 shows the direction of travel of a sound wave approaching a boundary between air and water.

The sound wave refracts at the boundary between air and water.

Complete the diagram in Figure 9 to show the direction the sound wave travels in the air.

Sound travels slower in cold air than it does in warm air.

The equation relating the speed of sound in air to the density of the air is

The table in Figure 10 gives some data about the speed of sound in air and the density of air.

Use the equation and the data in the table in Figure 10 to calculate the speed of sound in warm air.

Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.

The force that keeps an object moving in a circular path is known as the

Figure 11 shows an object moving in a circular path.

Draw an arrow on Figure 11 to show the direction of the force that keeps the object moving in a circular path.

The object in Figure 11 is moving at constant speed.

Explain why it is not moving with constant velocity.

Figure 12 shows a skier on a slope.

The skier travels down the slope with a constant acceleration.

The speed of the skier is measured at points P and Q.

The table in Figure 13 gives some data about the skier making one downhill run.

Calculate the distance from P to Q.

Use an equation selected from the list of equations at the end of this paper.

Calculate the time taken for the skier to travel from P to Q.

Energy from the nuclei of atoms can be used in medical diagnosis and treatment.

Fluorine‑18 is a radioactive isotope used in PET scanners for medical diagnosis.

Explain why fluorine‑18 must be produced close to the hospital where it is used.

Some tumours inside the body can be treated by using either alpha radiation or gamma radiation.

Explain why the source of alpha radiation is usually inside the body but the source of gamma radiation can be outside the body.

In a controlled chain reaction of uranium-235, which of these could cause a uranium-235 nucleus to undergo fission?

The kinetic energy of one of the particles released in a fission reaction is 1.210^–11J.

The mass of the particle is 1.410^–25kg.

Calculate the velocity of the particle.

Some sunglasses have photochromic lenses.

Photochromic lenses are clear when the lenses are indoors but they darken in bright sunlight to reduce the effects of the sunlight.

Photochromic lenses react to ultraviolet light.

Suggest a benefit of making the lenses go dark with ultraviolet light.

Radio waves from Jupiter take 40 minutes to reach Earth.

Light waves from the Sun take 8 minutes to reach Earth.

Calculate how many times further it is from Earth to Jupiter than from Earth to the Sun.

State the property of electromagnetic radiation that is used in your answer.

Ultraviolet waves cover a range of frequencies.

Scientists divide this range into three types, UVA, UVB and UVC.

The table in Figure 14 shows the frequency range for each type.

Figure 15 is a diagram about the effect that the Earth’s atmosphere has on three types of ultraviolet radiation.

Describe how the effects change with wavelength, using information from Figure 14 and Figure 15.

The width of the arrows drawn indicates the amount of radiation that is involved.

Calculations are not required.

*(d) Radio waves and gamma radiation are at opposite ends of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Compare how these two electromagnetic radiations are produced.

Stars may originate as a nebula.

Describe the process that then occurs to produce the conditions necessary for nuclear fusion in a new star.

The energy, E, released in nuclear fusion is equivalent to loss in mass, m, according to the equation.

where c is the velocity of light.

c = 3.0010⁸ m/s

In 1 second, the energy radiated by the Sun is 3.8610²⁶ J.

Calculate the loss in mass of the Sun in 1 second.

*(b) The Big Bang theory gives an explanation for the origin of the Universe.

Explain how evidence supports the ideas that

● the Universe is expanding

● the Universe began at a single point.

A star has evolved to become a neutron star.

The mass, M, of the neutron star, of radius R, is given by

Use the equation to calculate the value for R.