Edexcel GCSE Physics Paper 1 Higher June 2022 question paper 1PH0/1H

Which ray diagram shows total internal reflection at an air and glass boundary?

Figure 1 is a ray diagram for a converging lens when used as a magnifying glass.

Using information from Figure 1, determine the magnification of the virtual image.

Use the equation

Describe one way the magnification of the image could be increased.

Figure 2 shows a converging lens used to produce a real image on a screen.

The apparatus is used to find the focal length, f, of the lens.

The screen is moved to give a clear image of the object.

The distance from the object to the lens, a = 20 cm.

The distance from the image to the lens, b = 40 cm.

Calculate the focal length, f, of the lens.

Use the equation

Which statement describes conservation of energy in a closed system?

A student uses the apparatus in Figure 3 to find out which of two materials, sand or sawdust, is the better insulator.

The student also has a kettle to boil water, a thermometer and a stop clock.

Draw a labelled diagram to show how the student should set up the equipment to investigate which material is the better insulator.

Give three factors that the student must control in this investigation.

Expanded polystyrene, used to insulate buildings, has different densities.

Figure 4 shows how the thermal conductivity of expanded polystyrene changes with the density of expanded polystyrene.

density of expanded polystyrene in kg/m³

Figure 4

Using the graph in Figure 4, describe how the thermal conductivity of expanded polystyrene changes with the density of expanded polystyrene.

Figure 5 is a speed limit sign from a European motorway.

The speeds shown are in km/h (kilometres per hour).

The sign tells drivers to drive at a slower speed in wet weather.

Explain why it is safer for drivers to drive at a slower speed in wet weather.

Show that a speed of 31 m/s is less than a speed of 130 km/h.

A car is travelling at a speed of 31 m/s.

The car travels 46 m between the driver seeing an emergency and starting to brake.

Calculate the driver’s reaction time.

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

driver’s reaction time_........

Radioactive tracers can be used when scanning a person’s kidneys.

A radioactive isotope is injected into a person’s blood stream.

The isotope emits radiation.

As the blood flows through the kidneys, this radiation is detected outside the body by a scanner.

What type of radiation travels from the kidney to the scanner?

During the scan, a technician needs to take readings for about 30 minutes.

The half‑life of the isotope used is about 6 hours.

1. State why an isotope with a half‑life of about 6 minutes is not suitable.

2. State why an isotope with a half‑life of about 6 days is not suitable.

State two ways of reducing the radiation risks to the technician.

Figure 6 is a diagram of a nuclear reactor.

Explain how pushing the control rods further into the reactor slows down the nuclear chain reaction.

The moderator in a nuclear reactor slows down the neutrons so that the neutrons are more likely to start other fission reactions.

In a nuclear reactor,

• the average speed of the fast neutrons is 3.010⁷m/s

• the average speed of the slow neutrons is 4.010³m/s

Calculate the average speed of the slow neutrons as a percentage of the average speed of the fast neutrons.

The nuclear reaction is the first stage in the process of generating electricity.

Describe how energy is transferred from the nuclear reaction to the next stage in the process.

An aircraft starts from rest and accelerates along the runway for 36 s to reach take‑off velocity.

Take‑off velocity for this aircraft is 82 m/s.

Show that the acceleration of the aircraft along the runway is about 2 m/s².

Assume the acceleration is constant.

Calculate the distance the aircraft travels along the runway before take‑off.

Use the equation

Suggest one reason why the length of the runway used is always much longer than the calculated distance that the aircraft travels along the runway before take-off.

The aircraft lands with a velocity of 71 m/s.

Calculate the kinetic energy of the aircraft as it lands.

When the aircraft has come to a stop, all the kinetic energy has been transferred to the surroundings.

Give one way that the energy has been transferred to the surroundings.

The Big Bang and Steady State are two theories of the origin of the Universe.

Red shift and cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation have been discovered by observing the Universe.

Which line of the table links the evidence to the theory it supports?

Figure 7 shows two hydrogen spectra.

One spectrum is taken from a source on Earth.

The other spectrum is taken from a source on a distant galaxy.

The spectral lines in the spectrum from the distant galaxy are shifted towards the red end of the spectrum.

The wavelength of line X on Earth, λ_o = 6.5610^–7m

The wavelength of line X from the distant galaxy, λ_g = 6.7210^–7m

The red shift (z) is given by the equation

Show that the red shift for the light from the distant galaxy is about 0.025

The galaxy is moving away from the Earth at velocity, v (recession velocity).

The velocity of light, c = 3.0010⁸m/s

The recession velocity is given by the equation.

Calculate the recession velocity of the distant galaxy.

The wavelength of the spectral line X measured for a more distant galaxy was 6.9210^–7m.

Explain how this provides evidence that the Universe is expanding.

Observations of the Universe can be made using telescopes on Earth.

Explain why some telescopes are located on satellites that orbit the Earth.

Which of these is a unit of momentum?

Students investigate conservation of momentum using two identical trolleys.

A card is then added to trolley A.

Some of the apparatus is set up as shown in Figure 8.

Describe an investigation the students could carry out to show that momentum is conserved when these two trolleys collide.

You may add to the diagram to help with your answer.

Give a reason for the runway being at a slope.

Figure 9 shows a racket and a tennis ball.

The tennis ball is travelling towards the racket at a velocity of 8.2 m/s.

The ball is hit back in the opposite direction at a velocity of 15 m/s.

The ball has a mass of 0.075 kg.

The ball is in contact with the racket for 12 ms.

Calculate the average force exerted by the ball on the racket.

Use the equation

Describe how Newton’s Third Law of Motion applies to the collision between the racket and the ball.

Rutherford devised an experiment to fire alpha particles at thin gold foil.

It was found that alpha particles were scattered by the gold foil.

The gold foil was about 4.010^–7m thick.

A gold atom has a diameter of about 0.15 nm.

Estimate how many gold atoms would fit across this thickness of gold foil.

The number of particles detected at each angle in a given time is shown on the graph in Figure 11.

Use information from the graph.

Estimate the ratio of the number of particles scattered through 5 to the number of particles scattered through 100.

Explain how the difference in the number of particles scattered at different angles gives evidence for the current model of the structure of the atom.

Describe how the students could use the apparatus to model the scattering of alpha particles.

Give one limitation of this model.

This question is about waves in the electromagnetic (e.m.) spectrum.

The potential danger associated with the waves of the e.m. spectrum increases as

A microwave oven uses waves of frequency 2.45 GHz.

Calculate the wavelength of the microwaves.

The microwave oven is 55% efficient and transfers 42 000 J of energy to some food when it is heated.

Calculate the total amount of energy that must be supplied to the oven.

*(c) X-rays and radio waves are part of the electromagnetic spectrum and have different uses.

These radiations are produced in different ways.

X-rays are emitted when electrons within an atom go through energy changes.

Radiowaves are produced by electrons in circuits.

Compare X-rays with radio waves.

Your answer should refer to

• the uses of both types of radiation

• the different ways that electrons are involved in producing X-rays and radio waves.

The human ear can only detect frequencies below ultrasound and above infrasound.

Which of these gives the approximate range of frequencies for the human ear?

Suggest two reasons why there are limits to the frequencies that a human ear can detect.

Ultrasound can be used to find cracks in metals.

Figure 13a shows the signals emitted and received when the metal bar has no cracks.

Figure 13b shows the signals emitted and received when the metal bar has a crack.

Explain how the signals in Figure 13a and Figure 13b show that there is a crack in the metal bar in Figure 13b.

Suggest one reason why the amplitude of signal R in Figure 13b is smaller than the amplitude of signal P shown in Figure 13a.