Edexcel GCSE Physics Paper 2 Higher June 2022 question paper 1PH0/2H

This question is about static electricity.

Draw on Figure 1 the shape and direction of the electric field due to the positive point charge.

Figure 1

A student rubs a plastic ruler against a woolly jumper.

The student tests the ruler and finds it has a positive charge.

Explain how the ruler becomes positively charged.

An insecticide sprayer charges droplets of insecticide.

Figure 2 shows the sprayer being used to spray a leaf.

The leaf is connected to the ground (earthed).

Explain how charging the droplets helps to make sure that the leaf gets covered with insecticide.

You may add to Figure 2, including the sign (+ or −) of any charges, to help your answer.

Figure 3 shows a lamp connected to a d.c. power supply.

The power supply provides a potential difference (voltage) of 4.5 V.

The current in the lamp is 0.30 A.

Calculate the resistance of the lamp.

Use the equation

Calculate the power supplied to the lamp.

Another identical lamp is added to the circuit, as shown in Figure 4.

The power supply provides the same potential difference as it provided in the circuit in Figure 3.

State and explain the difference between the brightness of the lamp in Figure 3 and the brightness of a lamp in Figure 4.

A student is given a low voltage power supply and 1 m of resistance wire.

The student uses these and other pieces of equipment to measure the resistance of just 50 cm of the resistance wire.

Draw a diagram of the circuit that the student should use.

Your circuit diagram should identify the pieces of equipment that the student uses.

When water boils and turns into steam, there are changes in the arrangement of particles and the density.

Which of these shows the changes?

Figure 5 shows some water in a measuring cylinder and a lump of iron.

The lump of iron is lowered fully into the water.

The water level in the measuring cylinder rises to 530 cm³.

The density of iron is 7.9 g / cm³.

Calculate the mass of the lump of iron.

Use the equation

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

A piece of wood has a similar shape and volume to the lump of iron.

The density of the wood is 0.82 g / cm³.

The density of water is 1.00 g / cm³

Explain why the method used in part (b) cannot be used to determine the mass of the piece of wood.

Describe what happens when a substance experiences sublimation.

A donkey has a weight of 2500 N.

The area of each hoof is 0.022 m².

Calculate the average pressure that the donkey exerts on the ground.

Use the equation

average pressure =_........

Figure 7 shows how the shape of a camel’s hoof is different from the shape of a donkey’s hoof.

Both diagrams are drawn to the same scale.

Figure 7

The camel and the donkey have the same mass.

Explain how a camel’s hoof is a more suitable shape than a donkey’s hoof for walking on soft ground.

A student carries out an investigation to show how pressure varies with depth in water.

A pressure sensor is attached to a rule.

The rule and pressure sensor are lowered into the water in a tank, as shown in Figure 8.

The depth of the pressure sensor below the surface of the water is read from the scale on the rule.

The pressure is displayed on the student’s mobile phone which receives a signal from the pressure sensor.

Figure 9 gives some of the readings.

Figure 10 shows a graph with some of the results plotted, but two of the points are missing.

Plot the two missing points on the graph.

Draw a line of best fit through the points on the graph.

Which of the following equations represents the variation of pressure with depth of water below the surface?

Use the graph in Figure 10 to predict the pressure at the surface of the water.

pressure at the surface of the water =_........

The student repeats the investigation in part (b) using seawater and draws a graph of the results.

The seawater is more dense than the water used in part (b).

Compare the graph for seawater with the graph in Figure 10.

Figure 11 shows the shape of the magnetic field near a bar magnet.

Figure 11

Draw arrows on the field lines in Figure 11 to show the direction of the magnetic field.

Place a letter X on Figure 11 at a place where the magnetic field is strongest.

Describe two differences between the magnetic field shown in Figure 11 and a uniform magnetic field.

State how a uniform magnetic field may be obtained in a school laboratory.

Figure 12 shows the directions of some plotting compass needles placed at different points near the Earth’s surface.

Figure 12

Sketch, on Figure 12, the Earth’s magnetic field outside and inside the Earth.

State which part of the Earth generates its magnetic field.

A wire is placed at right angles to the Earth’s magnetic field.

The wire is 0.600 m long and carries a current of 93.1 mA.

The force on the wire is 1.11 × 10⁻⁵N.

Calculate the magnetic flux density of the Earth’s magnetic field.

Use the equation

F = B × I × l

magnetic flux density =_........

Which of these is a vector quantity?

Figure 13 shows a toy that a student makes for a nursery school.

The rod hangs by a string from the ceiling.

weight of S = 2.0 N weight of R = 1.0 N

Figure 13

The moment of C about point P is 0.60 Nm.

Calculate the weight of C.

Use the equation

moment = F × d

weight of C_........

Show that the total moment of S and R about P is 0.70 N m.

Using the data in the question and the principle of moments, determine if the toy shown in Figure 13 is in equilibrium.

The rod is very light so its weight can be ignored.

Figure 14 show a rack and pinion system, used on a mountain railway.

The teeth on the rack are 8.0 cm apart.

Calculate how far along the rack the train moves when the pinion turns through one complete revolution.

Figure 15 shows a ‘Mars rover’ descending to the surface of the planet Mars.

Calculate the change in gravitational potential energy of the rover as it descends from position P to position Q.

Mass of rover = 1100 kg

Gravitational field strength on Mars = 3.7 N / kg

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

change in gravitational potential energy =_........

Use data from Figure 15 to calculate the change in kinetic energy of the rover as it descends from position P to position Q.

change in kinetic energy =_........

The rover is slowed down safely using thrusters and a parachute (not shown in Figure 15).

The thrusters use jets of gas to control movements and the parachute is designed to be used in the atmosphere of Mars.

Describe the energy changes involved in terms of the work done by various forces as the rover descends.

The rover uses solar panels for its power needs.

The solar panels can provide 1200 W of power.

Show that the solar panels can provide 2.16 MJ of energy in 30 minutes.

The solar panels convert 27% of the energy they receive from the Sun into electricity.

Calculate the solar energy received by the panels that provides the 2.16 MJ of energy.

energy received =_........

Which of these shows the correct circuit symbol for a thermistor?

A student investigates how the resistance of a thermistor varies with temperature.

Figure 16 shows a graph of the results of this investigation.

Describe how the resistance of this thermistor varies with temperature.

Draw the tangent to the curve at a temperature of 30 °C, to find the rate of change of resistance with temperature at 30 °C.

State the unit.

rate of change of resistance with temperature at 30 °C =_........ unit_........

Figure 17 shows the apparatus used for this investigation.

Explain one improvement in measurement that the student could make in the investigation.

In this investigation, the resistance can be measured in two ways.

Method 1 – use an ohmmeter.

Method 2 – use an ammeter and a voltmeter.

Method 1 Method 2

using an ohmmeter using an ammeter and voltmeter

Figure 18

Explain why method 2 gives more precise results than method 1.

Explain the difference between the term ‘specific heat capacity’ and the term ‘specific latent heat’ when applied to heating substances.

Figure 19 shows some apparatus that may be used to determine the specific heat capacity of water.

A student measures the initial temperature of the water.

The power supply is switched on for 10 minutes and then switched off.

Explain how the student should then obtain an accurate reading for the final temperature of the water, to be used in the calculation of the specific heat capacity.

*(c) A container of gas is at room temperature.

The gas is then heated.

The volume of the container remains the same.

By considering changes in velocities of the gas particles, explain how the temperature increase affects

• the average kinetic energy of the particles

• the pressure the particles exert on the walls of the container.

Figure 20 shows a magnet and a coil.

The coil is connected to a sensitive centre-zero ammeter.

Explain what will be observed on the meter when the magnet is pushed in and pulled out of the coil, repeatedly.

This question is about a transformer.

iron core

primary coil secondary coil 700 turns of wire 400 turns of wire

primary voltage = 230 V secondary current = 1.75 A

Figure 21

Calculate the current in the primary coil.

Use the information given in Figure 21 and equations selected from the list of equations at the end of this paper.

The transformer is 100% efficient.

current in the primary coil =_........

*(c) Figure 22 shows how electricity is delivered efficiently from a power station (P) to homes (T).

Using Figure 22, explain the stages in the process of delivering electricity efficiently from P to T.

Your answer should include details of the effects that Q, R and S have on efficiency.