Edexcel GCSE Physics Paper 2 Higher June 2023 question paper 1PH0/2H

Figure 1 shows a prize that is made from a metal star on a plastic base.

A person starts to clean the prize by rubbing the plastic base with a dry cloth.

The plastic base becomes positively charged and the cloth becomes negatively charged.

The plastic base has

Explain why the cloth has become negatively charged.

The person then holds the metal star and rubs it with the charged cloth.

The cloth loses its charge.

Explain why the cloth loses its charge.

The charged plastic base attracts some dust from the air.

Figure 2 shows a magnified view of part of the surface of the plastic base and a dust particle.

Some of the charges on the plastic base are shown but the charges induced on the dust particle are not shown.

Draw the charges induced on the dust particle in Figure 2.

Figure 3 shows some of the apparatus that students use to determine the resistance of a piece of iron wire.

Add connecting wires, a voltmeter and an ammeter to complete the circuit in Figure 3 so that the students can determine the resistance of the piece of iron wire.

The students extend the investigation to determine how the resistance of the iron wire changes with its length.

Give the name of one additional piece of apparatus the students would need.

Figure 4 shows a graph of the results.

Draw a straight line of best fit on Figure 4.

Use Figure 4 to estimate the resistance of a 100 cm length of the iron wire.

The variable resistor shown in Figure 3 is used to prevent the iron wire from becoming too hot.

Explain how the variable resistor is used to prevent the iron wire from becoming too hot.

The potential difference (voltage) across another piece of wire is 1.56 V.

The current in the wire is 0.45 A.

Calculate the resistance of this piece of wire.

Use the equation

Which of these means changing state from solid directly to gas?

An object has a mass of 7.22×10^–2kg and a volume of 2.69×10^–5m³.

Calculate the density, ρ, of the object.

Use the equation

State the unit.

Aluminium has a melting point of 660C.

The absolute zero of temperature is –273C.

Calculate the melting point of aluminium in kelvin.

melting point of aluminium =_........

Describe the motion of particles in liquid aluminium (above 660C).

A student determines the volume of a piece of metal by measuring the volume of water that it displaces.

The student wrote the following in his notebook.

The student’s description is incomplete.

Suggest two sentences that the student could have included to provide a more complete description of the correct procedure.

This question is about pressure.

Figure 5 shows windows in an aeroplane.

The aeroplane is high above the Earth’s surface.

The atmospheric pressure outside the aeroplane is 23 000 Pa.

The air pressure inside the aeroplane is 80 000 Pa.

Calculate the pressure difference between inside and outside of the aeroplane.

The surface area of the window is 0.094 m².

Calculate the size of the force on the window due to the cabin air pressure of 80 000 Pa.

Use the equation

On the same aeroplane, a different window has a smaller surface area.

Explain how the force due to the air pressure inside the cabin on the small window differs from the force on the larger window.

Figure 6 shows a cross‑section through the aeroplane including one window.

inside of aeroplane outside of aeroplane

Draw an arrow on Figure 6 to show the direction of the resultant force due to the air pressure inside the cabin on the window at point X.

Figure 7 shows the atmospheric pressure at different heights above the Earth’s surface.

height above the Earth’s surface in m

Figure 7

Describe how the atmospheric pressure changes with height above the Earth’s surface.

Use data from Figure 7 to support your answer.

Suggest one reason why the atmospheric pressure changes with height above the Earth’s surface.

Figure 8 shows two magnets with their N poles facing each other.

Figure 8

On Figure 8, draw the shape and direction of the magnetic field between the two magnets.

Figure 9 shows a toy that has a plastic cylinder, a plastic base and two similar magnets. Each of the two magnets is in the shape of a ring.

The upper magnet seems to float in the air above the lower magnet.

Describe the forces acting on the upper magnet.

Use the idea of magnetic fields in your answer.

Figure 10 shows a current‑carrying wire between the poles of a magnet.

The magnet and the wire each experience a force when there is a current in the wire.

1 State the direction of the force on the wire.

2 State the direction of the force on the magnet.

The force on the wire is 0.15 N.

The current in the wire is 2.7 A.

The magnet produces a field with a magnetic flux density of 0.50 T.

Calculate the length of the wire in the magnetic field.

Use an equation selected from the list of equations given at the end of the question paper.

length of the wire in the magnetic field =_........

Figure 11 shows a person doing a push‑up exercise.

An upward force is used to cause rotation about a pivot.

Which row of the table is correct for this rotation?

Figure 12 shows some of the bones and muscles in an arm.

The arrows show the forces on the forearm when the arm is bent.

The hand is empty.

The biceps muscle provides a force to balance the weight of the forearm.

The weight of the forearm can be represented as a single force.

Figure 13 shows a diagram representing the forces and distances involved.

Use the principle of moments to show that the system shown in Figure 13 is in equilibrium.

The person then holds a ball weighing 15 N in their hand.

Figure 14 shows the forces on the forearm and their distances from the elbow joint.

Calculate the force from the muscle that is needed to keep the system in Figure 14 in equilibrium.

Figure 15 shows a ball floating in seawater and the same ball floating in fresh water.

Compare the upthrust on the ball in seawater with the upthrust on the same ball in fresh water.

Explain why there is less of the ball below the surface of the seawater than below the surface of the fresh water.

Figure 16 shows part of the inside of a pen.

The pen contains a spring that can be compressed.

The spring constant of the spring is 260 N/m.

Calculate the force needed to compress the spring by the amount shown in Figure 16.

Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.

A student removes the spring from the pen and investigates the compression of the spring.

Figure 17 shows the equipment and the procedure that the student uses.

ruler fixed in place above the electronic balance

The student presses down on the spring to change its length.

The electronic balance measures the force applied to the spring.

Describe how the student can determine the change in length of the spring. You may add to Figure 17 to help your answer.

The student finds it difficult to make an accurate measurement of the change in length of the spring using the equipment as shown.

Describe one way that the student could improve the procedure.

Figure 18 shows a different spring hanging from a hook fixed to the ceiling.

A block hangs from the other end of the spring.

The weight of the spring is 1 N. The weight of the block is 5 N.

The force exerted on the top of the spring by the hook is

Figure 19 shows two forces, P and Q, acting at point X.

Complete the diagram in Figure 19 to show the size and direction of the resultant force, R, on point X.

An electric car is travelling at a speed of 16.0 m/s.

The total mass of the car is 1200 kg.

Calculate the kinetic energy, in kJ, of the car.

kinetic energy =_........

On a journey, the car transfers energy from the battery at an average rate of 17.5 kW.

The battery in the car transfers a total of 126 MJ of energy before it becomes discharged.

Calculate the time taken for the battery to become discharged on this journey.

Give your answer in hours.

time taken =_........ hours

Figure 20 shows an electrical device connected to the wheels of an electric car.

dynamo when the car decelerates.

Explain how using the device can help to increase the time that the car can be driven before the battery becomes discharged.

The battery can be recharged at a charging point.

The charging point provides an average current of 15.0 A to the battery, at a potential difference (voltage) of 400 V.

It is claimed that 126 MJ of energy can be transferred to the battery in less than 6 hours.

Comment on this claim.

Use this equation to support your answer

Calculate the total charge that moves into the battery while it is being recharged.

Use the equation

Figure 21 shows a pulley system that enables a person to lift a heavy barrel.

The person pulls down on the rope to make the barrel rise through 1.2 m.

The work done against gravity on the barrel is 1800 J.

Calculate the weight of the barrel.

Use the equation

work done = forcedistance moved in the direction of the force

weight of the barrel =_........

The efficiency of the system is 64%.

Calculate the total work done by the person.

Use the equation

work done =_........

Some energy is wasted due to friction.

Suggest another reason why some energy is wasted in using this pulley system.

*(b) A student has the equipment shown in Figure 22.

Devise an experiment to investigate how the efficiency of the pulley system varies with the weight of metal being lifted.

Your answer should include how you will use your measurements.

Figure 23 shows a model dynamo.

The dynamo contains a coil of wire that can spin inside a permanent magnet.

The dynamo produces a D.C. output.

A teacher connects a voltmeter to the terminals of the dynamo.

The teacher rotates the handle to make the coil spin inside the magnet.

Figure 24(a) shows the reading on the voltmeter.

The teacher then rotates the handle differently.

Figure 24(b) shows the new reading on the voltmeter.

Which row of the table shows how the rotation of the handle has changed between (a) and (b)?

The teacher connects the dynamo to a lamp.

It is now more difficult for the teacher to rotate the handle.

Explain why it is more difficult to turn the dynamo when it is connected to a lamp.

Figure 25 shows a transformer.

The number of turns on the primary coil, N_p = 800

The potential difference across the primary coil, V_p = 230 V

The number of turns on the secondary coil, N_s = 18

Calculate the potential difference across the secondary coil.

Use an equation selected from the list of equations at the end of the paper.

potential difference across the secondary coil =_........

*(c) Figure 26 shows a picture of an electrical device and a simplified drawing of the important parts.

The device can be used as a loudspeaker or it can be used as a microphone.

Compare how the device operates when used as a loudspeaker with how the device operates when used as a microphone.