Edexcel GCSE Physics Paper 2 Higher June 2018 question paper 1PH0/2H

Figure 1 shows air inside a cylinder with a movable piston.

The piston is pulled a little way in the direction of the arrow, but stays inside the cylinder.

Which of these increases?

Figure 2 shows a rubber tube that can be used inside a bicycle tyre.

The tube is inflated with a bicycle pump.

The air inside the tube exerts an outward force on the wall of the tube.

State the angle that this outward force makes with the wall of the tube.

It takes 4.8 litres of air from the atmosphere to inflate the empty tube to a pressure of 400 000 Pa.

Atmospheric pressure is 100 000 Pa.

Calculate the volume of air inside the tube.

Assume the temperature of the air inside the tube is the same as the temperature of the air outside the tube.

Use an equation selected from the list of equations at the end of this paper.

When a bicycle pump is used to inflate the tube, the air in the bicycle pump gets warm.

You should ignore any effects of friction in the pump.

Explain why the air in the bicycle pump gets warm.

A student uses the apparatus in Figure 3 to determine the specific heat capacity of water.

State the measurements needed to calculate the specific heat capacity of water.

State two ways that the apparatus could be adapted to improve the procedure.

The student decides to measure the temperature of the water every minute while it is being heated.

Figure 4 shows a graph of the student’s results.

Predict the temperature of the water if the heating continues up to 8 minutes.

Another student decides to melt some ice.

The student melts 380 g of ice at 0 °C.

The specific latent heat of fusion of ice is 3.34 × 10⁵J/kg.

Calculate the thermal energy needed to melt the ice.

Select an equation from the list of equations at the end of this paper.

A cyclist is riding a bicycle at a steady velocity of 12 m/s.

The cyclist and bicycle have a total mass of 68 kg.

Calculate the kinetic energy of the cyclist and bicycle.

Use the equation

Describe the energy transfers that happen when the cyclist uses the brakes to stop.

The cyclist starts to cycle again.

The cyclist does 1600 J of useful work to travel 28 m.

Calculate the average force the cyclist exerts.

An athlete uses a training machine in a gym.

The display on the machine shows the time spent on the machine and the amount of energy transferred during a training session.

Figure 5 shows the displays for two different sessions by the same athlete.

Explain what the displays show about the average power of the athlete in each of these two sessions.

A student rubs a plastic comb with a dry cloth to give the comb a positive electric charge.

Figure 6 shows the charged plastic comb picking up small pieces of paper.

(Source © GIPhotoStock/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY)

Figure 6

Explain how rubbing the comb with a dry cloth gives the comb a positive electric charge.

Explain how the positively-charged plastic comb picks up the small pieces of paper.

Which of these diagrams shows the shape and direction of the electric field around a positive point charge?

Figure 7 shows two metal spheres.

Metal sphere A is fixed to a table. Metal sphere B can be moved.

Metal sphere B is placed at a short distance from metal sphere A.

sphere A fixed
sphere B can be moved

Both spheres are insulated from the table and given a negative charge.

The force between the charged spheres is measured.

Explain, in terms of electric fields, why a force is exerted on sphere B.

Sphere B is moved and the force between the spheres is measured at several different distances.

Figure 8 is a graph of force on sphere B against distance between the centres of the spheres.

distance between centres of spheres in cm

Figure 8

Describe how the force on sphere B varies with the distance between the centres of the spheres.

A student has a bar magnet, a piece of iron the same size as the magnet, and some paper clips.

Describe how the student could use these items to demonstrate temporary induced magnetism.

A student sets up the apparatus shown in Figure 9.

When the current in the solenoid is switched on, the solenoid attracts the iron nail.

Describe how the student could use this apparatus to investigate how the size of the current in the solenoid affects the force of attraction between the solenoid and the iron nail.

The spring constant of a different spring is 24 N/m.

The spring is extended from its unstretched length by 12 cm.

Calculate the energy transferred in extending the spring by 12 cm.

Use an equation selected from the list of equations at the end of this paper.

Figure 10 shows an arrangement of gears.

Each gear turns around a fixed axle.

Gear P is turned through one complete revolution per second.

Which of the following describes the motion of gear R?

Figure 11 shows the same arrangement with gear R replaced by a rack.

The rack can move up or down when the gears turn.

The teeth on the rack are 2 mm apart.

Calculate how far the rack moves when P turns through to one complete revolution.

Figure 12 shows three toy animals hanging from a rod.

The rod hangs from the ceiling by a string tied to the centre of the rod.

The system is in equilibrium.

Use the principle of moments to calculate the mass of the toy elephant.

Figure 13 shows a diagram of a device for lifting heavy loads.

The metal tube is filled with oil.

The piston Y is pushed down with a force K.

This produces a force L on piston Z.

The pressure exerted on the oil by piston Y is the same as the pressure exerted by the oil on piston Z.

Explain the difference between the size of force K and the size of force L.

Figure 14 shows the vertical forces on an aeroplane.

Use information from the diagram to determine the size and direction of the resultant vertical force on the aeroplane.

The aeroplane is descending.

Figure 15 shows a diagram of the resultant vertical and horizontal forces on the aeroplane as it is descending.

Complete the diagram to show the resultant of these two forces.

The mass of the aeroplane is 750 kg.

Calculate the change in gravitational potential energy of the aeroplane as it descends from 1300 m to the ground.

Gravitational field strength (g) = 10 N/kg

The aeroplane is powered by an engine that burns fuel.

The fuel supplies a total of 6500 kJ of energy every minute.

The efficiency of the engine is 0.70 (70%).

Calculate the power output of the engine.

Give your answer in kW.

Explain why the efficiency of the engine is less than 1 (100%).

A resistor is connected to a power supply.

The potential difference across the resistor is 6.0 V.

Which of these corresponds to a potential difference of 6.0 V?

The resistor remains connected for a period of time.

The current in the resistor is 200 mA.

A total charge of 42 C flows through the resistor.

Calculate, in minutes, the time taken for this amount of charge to flow through the resistor.

Calculate the total energy transferred by the 6.0 V power supply when a charge of 42 C flows through the resistor.

The resistor becomes warm while there is a current in it.

Explain why the resistor becomes warm.

Figure 16 shows a cardboard tube with a wire coming out from each end.

There are two 10 ohm resistors inside the cardboard tube.

A potential difference of 6.0 V is connected between P and Q.

There is a current of 1.2 A in the wires.

Deduce how the resistors have been arranged inside the cardboard tube.

Which of these could be the output for a dynamo?

Figure 17 shows the output from a battery.

Explain why a transformer will not work with the input current as shown in Figure 17.

A transformer has 30 turns on the primary coil and 150 turns on the secondary coil.

A potential difference of 25 V is applied across the primary coil.

Calculate the potential difference across the secondary coil.

Use an equation selected from the list of equations at the end of this paper.

*(c) High voltage transmission cables and transformers are used in the national grid.

Explain how using high voltage transmission cables and transformers allows the distribution of electrical power around the United Kingdom to be as efficient as possible.

Refer to the following equations in your answer.

Figure 18 shows identical filament lamps connected together to a 12 V power supply.

Calculate the potential difference across each lamp.

The power output of each lamp is 0.75 W

Calculate the resistance of each lamp.

*(b) Explain, with the aid of a circuit diagram, the method a student could use to investigate how the resistance of a single lamp changes with the potential difference across the lamp.

Equations