Some electromagnetic waves are used to scan a person in hospital.
Which statement is true about a scan that uses electromagnetic waves?
A Micro-waves are used to scan skin.
B Ultrasound waves are used to scan an unborn baby.
C Ultra-violet is used to scan for cancer.
D X-rays are used to scan for broken bones.
[1]
Which light ray shows the correct reflection from the plane (flat) mirror?
[1]
Which statement is true about the nucleus of an atom?
A It contains neutrons and ions and has a negative charge.
B It contains neutrons and ions and has a neutral charge.
C It contains neutrons and protons and has a neutral charge.
D It contains neutrons and protons and has a positive charge.
[1]
Estimate the typical cruising speed of a jet airliner.
A 25 m/s
B 250 m/s
C 2 500 m/s
D 25 000 m/s
[1]
A student experiments with a model parachute and collects some results.
She drops the parachute from a height of 4 m three times and takes three results of the time taken.
The three results are:
3.25 s 3.00 s 3.08 s
What is the mean of the three results?
A 3.00 s
B 3.08 s
C 3.11 s
D 3.25 s
[1]
A student wants to find out which heater produces the largest temperature rise.
Look at the results she collects and the calculations she makes.
| Heater | Starting temperature (°C) | Finishing temperature (°C) | Change in temperature (°C) |
| A | 18 | 28 | 20 |
| B | 18 | 36 | 16 |
| C | 18 | 44 | 26 |
| D | 18 | 51 | 23 |
Which heater has results that are correctly calculated?
[1]
[1]
A vehicle has an input power from fuel of 20 kW and a useful output power of 6 kW.
Calculate the power it wastes.
A 3 kW
B 6 kW
C 14 kW
D 20 kW
[1]
Which statement is correct about geostationary satellites?
A They are above the equator and they orbit the Earth in about 90 minutes at a high orbit.
B They are above the equator and they orbit the Earth in 24 hours at a high orbit.
C They are above the equator and they orbit the Earth in 24 hours at a low orbit.
D They are above the poles and they orbit the Earth in 24 hours at a low orbit.
[1]
A student measures the time it takes for the sound from a firework to reach the observer.
She takes 3 measurements of the time taken for four different distances, A, B, C and D.
| Time taken (s) | |||
| Distance | 1st measurement | 2nd measurement | 3rd measurement |
| A | 2.16 | 2.19 | 2.17 |
| B | 1.99 | 2.02 | 1.97 |
| C | 1.80 | 1.81 | 1.89 |
| D | 1.69 | 1.68 | 1.71 |
Which distance A, B, C or D, has the largest range of values?
[1]
Look at the diagrams of a light ray as it passes from air through a glass block.
Which diagram shows an incorrect refraction?
[1]
A radio wave has a wavelength of 100 m. It has a speed of 3 × 108 m/s. 12
Use the equation: Wave speed = Frequency × Wavelength
Calculate the frequency of the wave.
A 3 MHz
B 30 MHz
C 300 MHz
D 3000 MHz
[1]
Which equation shows a correct alpha decay?
[1]
A wooden block has a mass of 2 kg and a specific heat capacity of 2000 J/kg °C.
Calculate the energy needed to raise its temperature by 6 °C.
Use the equation:
Change in thermal energy = Mass × Specific Heat Capacity × Change in Temperature
A 1 200 J
B 2 400 J
C 12 000 J
D 24 000 J
[1]
A lorry has a mass of 3500 kg. It travels at a speed of 30 m/s.
Use the equation: Kinetic Energy = 0.5 × Mass × Speed2
Calculate the kinetic energy of this lorry.
A 10 500 J
B 52 500 J
C 1 575 000 J
D 3 150 000 J
[1]
Look at the diagram of a water wave.
What is the wavelength of this wave?
[1]
What is the amplitude of this wave?
[1]
The wavelength of the wave is changed to 25 cm. Two waves are produced each second.
Use the equation: Wave speed = Frequency × Wavelength
Calculate the speed of the wave.
[2]
Water waves are transverse and sound waves are longitudinal.
Describe how water particles move in a transverse water wave.
[1]
Describe how air particles move in a longitudinal sound wave.
[1]
Look at the diagram of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Name a wave that has a longer wavelength than red light.
[1]
Name a wave that has a higher frequency than violet light.
[1]
State two uses of gamma-rays.
[2]
A teacher demonstrates an experiment about radioactivity. He demonstrates how different types of radiation can be absorbed.
He puts different barriers between the source and the Geiger-Müller tube. He uses four different radioactive sources A, B, C and D.
Suggest two safety precautions that the teacher should use when demonstrating this experiment.
[2]
Which source A, B, C or D emits gamma radiation only?
Explain your answer.
[2]
Which source A, B, C or D emits alpha radiation only?
Explain your answer.
[2]
Which source A, B, C or D could emit both beta and gamma radiation?
Explain your answer.
[2]
The teacher notices that the count rate behind the lead barrier ranges from 20 to 24.
Give two reasons why there are a wide range of results around 22 counts per minute.
[2]
The teacher decides to repeat the experiment.
This time he records the number of counts for a much longer time interval for each source.
Explain why this is an improvement to the experiment.
[2]
Look at the information about different electric motors.
| Electric motor | Energy input per hour (J) | Useful energy output per hour (J) | Energy ‘wasted’ per hour (J) |
| A | 72 000 | 60 000 | |
| B | 54 000 | 36 000 | |
| C | 18 000 | 3 000 | |
| D | 48 000 | 12 000 | |
| E | 54 000 | 48 000 |
Calculate the energy input per hour in J for electric motor D.
[2]
Which electric motor has the lowest ‘wasted’ energy in one hour?
[1]
Which electric motor has the highest ‘wasted’ energy in one hour?
[1]
Describe how energy is ‘wasted’ in an electric motor.
[1]
Suggest how this ‘wasted’ energy can be reduced in an electric motor.
[1]
Calculate the % efficiency of electric motor E.
Use the equation: Efficiency = Useful output energy transfer / Input energy transfer
Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
[3]
A student watches a ball game on the school field.
The student sees the ball being hit with a bat but he hears the sound a short time after. This is because the speed of light is greater than the speed of sound.
He decides to do an experiment to measure the speed of sound waves in air.
Describe which measurements he needs to measure this speed.
[2]
Which equation is used to calculate speed?
[1]
Describe one way he could get valid results for this experiment.
[1]
Fig. 20.1 shows thinking, braking and stopping distances for the same car travelling at different speeds.
Describe how the thinking distance changes when the speed doubles.
Use data from the table in your answer.
[1]
Calculate the reaction time of the person driving the car.
[3]
* Explain why the stopping distances are different for each speed in Fig. 20.1.
[6]
[3]
Seatbelts in cars are made of a wide material that stretches in a crash.
Explain why it is important that the material is wide.
[1]
Explain why it is important that the material is stretchy.
[1]
Children in cars use special seats with their own seatbelts.
The seatbelts for children are narrower than adult seatbelts.
Why is it safe for children’s seatbelts to be narrower than adult seatbelts?
[2]
This question is about force, mass and acceleration.
A car starts from rest and accelerates at 3 m/s2. (a)
Use the equation: Acceleration = Change in velocity ÷ Time taken
Calculate the velocity of the car after 4 s.
[2]
A roller coaster car moves down a slope with an acceleration of 5 m/s2. (b)
The force on the roller coaster car is 4000 N.
Calculate the mass of the roller coaster car.
[3]
[1]
Which energy source had the greatest use in the year 2003?
[1]
The total energy use in the year 2003 was 10.6 billion tonnes (oil equivalent).
Approximately what percentage of this amount was due to fossil fuel use?
[2]
........
[2]
In the UK the government is closing coal fired power stations and planning for new nuclear power stations to be built.
Suggest why the government wants more nuclear power stations.
[2]
Power stations in the UK generate electricity at 25 kV a.c.
The voltage is then increased to 400 kV a.c. and distributed by power lines.
Write down the full name of the device used to increase the voltage.
[1]
Why is it important to increase the voltage in these power lines?
[1]
The high voltages across the power lines are reduced to 230 V a.c. for use in the home.
A phone charger changes the 230 V a.c. to a 5 V d.c.
Explain the difference between d.c. and a.c.
[2]
A domestic wind turbine has a power rating which varies from 1.0 kW to 3.0 kW.
The domestic wind turbine has an electrical resistance of 23 Ω.
It generates a current of 11 A on a windy day.
Calculate the power output in kW of the turbine on this day.
[4]
Suggest why the manufacturer gives a range for the power rating of the wind turbine.
[1]
Using just one domestic wind turbine may be an unreliable source of power for a house.
State a reason why.
[1]
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