OCR GCSE Physics A (Gateway) Paper 2 Foundation June 2022 question paper J249/02

A motor transfers 4.3 kJ of energy.

What is 4.3 kJ converted into joules?

A 0.0043 J

B 0.43 J

C 430 J

D 4300 J

The diagram shows an ultrasound wave hitting a steel block.

What happens to the ultrasound wave?

A It is mainly absorbed.

B It is mainly reflected.

C It is completely refracted.

D It is completely transmitted.

An astronomer observes a red-shift of light from a distant galaxy.

What does red-shift of light mean?

A The speed of the light has decreased.

B The speed of the light has increased.

C The wavelength of the light has decreased.

D The wavelength of the light has increased.

Which row describes nuclear fusion ?

The diagram shows a radioactive isotope emitting alpha particles and beta particles.

Which particles are detected by the detector?

A Alpha particles and beta particles

B Alpha particles only

C Beta particles only

D No particles

A ray of light hits a surface.

What is the angle of incidence?

A 26°

B 64°

C 76°

D 116°

What is a good estimate for the speed of an Olympic sprinter?

A 1 m / s

B 3 m / s

C 10 m / s

D 30 m / s

Which statement about the Solar System is correct?

A Mars is a star.

B Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.

C Neptune is the planet closest to the Earth.

D Saturn is a moon.

A student increases the temperature of a metal block.

They measure how the temperature of the metal block increases with time.

The graph shows their results.

What is the increase in temperature between 60 s and 120 s?

A 8 °C

B 16 °C

C 30 °C

D 38 °C

When a car crashes, it undergoes a very large deceleration.

Which row describes the crash?

A lamp has an input energy of 200 J.

The useful output energy is 80 J.

What is the efficiency of the lamp? Use the Data Sheet.

A 0.4

B 2.5

C 40

D 250

A student shines a ray of red light at different shaped glass blocks.

Which diagram shows a correct path for the ray?

Which row describes the walls of a building with the lowest rate of cooling?

The diagram shows waves that are made in a pool of water.

What is the amplitude of the waves?

A 60 cm

B 80 cm

C 120 cm

D 200 cm

This question is about electromagnetic waves.

Draw lines to connect each wave with its correct use or property.

Which type of wave is the most dangerous?

Tick (✓) one box.

Identify two reasons for your answer to (b)(i).

Fig. 16.1 shows a submarine under water.

Fig. 16.1

A periscope is used to look above the water. Fig. 16.2 shows the periscope.

Fig. 16.2

Complete the ray diagram in Fig. 16.2 to show how light passes through the periscope to the eye.

You must include a normal line in your completed ray diagram on Mirror 2.

A sailor uses the periscope to observe some water waves.

Six complete waves pass the periscope in one minute.

Calculate the time period for one wave in seconds.

A different water wave has a frequency of 0.2 Hz.

The wavelength of the wave is 20 m.

Calculate the speed of the wave. Use the Data Sheet.

Speed of the wave =........ m / s

Student A is investigating braking distance using a bicycle. This is their method:

• Freewheel down a ramp without pedalling.

• At the bottom of the ramp, press the brakes until the bicycle comes to a stop.

• Measure the braking distance of the bicycle from the bottom of the ramp.

Student A repeats the investigation three times. Each time they start at the same height. Their results are shown in the table.

Suggest what equipment student A can use to measure the braking distance.

Use the results from the table to calculate the mean braking distance.

Suggest why the values of the braking distance are not the same.

Student B repeats the investigation using the same method.

The mass of student B and the bicycle is 80 kg.

The height of student B and the bicycle at the top of the ramp is 2.0 m.

Gravitational field strength = 10 N / kg.

Calculate the gravitational potential energy of student B and the bicycle at the top of the ramp. Use the Data Sheet.

Student C measures the braking distance for different speeds at the bottom of the ramp.

The graph shows student C ’s results.

Use the graph to find the braking distance when the speed is 4.3 m / s.

It can be more dangerous to cycle quickly.

Use data from the graph to explain why.

Suggest how student C ’s investigation could be improved.

The students increase the mass of the bicycle.

What happens to the braking distance?

Tick (✓) one box.

Student D pedals the bicycle on a level surface.

They start from rest and reach a velocity of 6 m / s.

Estimate the acceleration of student D on the bicycle.

Acceleration =........ m / s²

A child is watching a firework display.

The speed of light in air is 3 × 10⁸ m / s. (a)

Explain why the child sees the firework before they hear it.

Complete each sentence below about sound travelling through air.

Use the words from the list.

electromagnetic longitudinal parallel

perpendicular transverse

Sound waves are........

The air particles vibrate........ to the direction of travel of the wave.

The child measures the time between seeing and hearing the firework.

The time they measure is 0.42 s.

The speed of sound in air is 330 m / s.

Calculate the distance from the child to the firework.

Give your answer to 2 significant figures. Use the Data Sheet.

Explain why the distance calculated in (c) is not the actual distance.

An electric water heater is used to make hot water for drinks.

The water heater is plugged into the mains supply and turned on.

Explain why the temperature of the water increases. Write about energy stores in your answer.

The temperature of the water increases from 20 °C to 95 °C. The mass of water is 10 kg. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J / kg °C.

Calculate the energy required to increase the temperature of the water.

Use the equation: change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature

The power of the water heater is 1840 W. The p.d. of the mains supply is 230 V.

Calculate the current in the heating element.

Use the equation: power = potential difference × current

An engineer says, ‘You should use a water heater with a higher current.’

Suggest two reasons why this is a good idea.

The water heater is plugged into the mains supply. The water heater has a metal case.

Which wire(s) should be connected in the electric plug of the water heater?

Tick (✓) one, two or three boxes.

* The use of coal and renewable energy resources has changed in the UK over time.

The graph shows these changes.

Use data from the graph to describe the changes in the use of coal and renewable energy resources.

Suggest why these changes happened.

A power station has an output power of 2 × 10⁶ kW. (b)

Calculate the energy produced by the power station in 3 hours.

Give your answer in kW h.

Use the equation: energy transferred = power × time

Energy =........ kW h

Describe how the teacher can do this experiment, including any equipment used. Use the Data Sheet.

Plot a graph of the data in the table and draw a line of best fit on Fig. 21.2.

Two of the points have already been completed for you.

Fig. 21.2

Describe the relationship between work done and mass.

The teacher adds a lubricant between the surface and the block.

They keep the mass of the block and distance travelled the same as before.

Sketch a line on the graph to show how work done varies with mass in this new experiment.

Label this line with the letter L.

Explain your reason for how you have drawn the line labelled L in (c)(i).

This question is about radioactivity.

The nucleus of an isotope of phosphorous (P) has a relative charge of +15. The relative mass of the nucleus is 32.

A nucleus of this isotope emits beta radiation.

State values for the relative charge and relative mass of the nucleus after beta radiation is emitted.

Relative charge........

Relative mass........

The table shows some information for two different isotopes of phosphorous. The isotopes are labelled A and B.

Complete the sentences below to describe the nucleus of isotope A and the nucleus of isotope B.

Use phrases from the list.

less than B more than B the same as B

The number of protons in the nucleus of A is ……………………………………….

The number of neutrons in the nucleus of A is ……………………………………….

A doctor needs to explore a patient’s internal organs. The doctor follows these steps:

• Injects a radioactive isotope into the patient.

• Sets up a special camera outside the patient’s body.

• Uses the camera to detect radiation emitted from the isotope.

Which radiation should be emitted by the isotope?

Tick (✓) one box.

State a reason for your answer.

There are three different isotopes with the following half-lives:

4 minutes 6 hours 18 days

The doctor chooses the isotope with a half-life of 6 hours.

Suggest two reasons why 6 hours is the most suitable half-life.