OCR GCSE Physics A (Gateway) Paper 4 Higher June 2022 question paper J249/04

Which row describes the walls of a building with the lowest rate of cooling?

The diagram shows waves that are made in a pool of water.

What is the amplitude of the waves?

A 60 cm

B 80 cm

C 120 cm

D 200 cm

Power can be measured in watts (W) or milliwatts (mW).

What is 1.5 mW converted into W?

1.5 × 10^–6 W A

1.5 × 10^–3 W B

1.5 × 10³ W C

1.5 × 10⁶ W D

A radioactive source has a count-rate of 64 counts per minute (cpm). The half-life of the radioactive source is 10 minutes.

What is the count-rate of the radioactive source after 20 minutes?

A 8 cpm

B 16 cpm

C 32 cpm

D 48 cpm

The diagram shows four possible paths for a ray of light from an object passing through a concave lens.

Which letter shows the correct path of the ray?

A student investigates absorption of coloured light in a dark laboratory.

The student shines green light onto a blue object.

What colour does the object appear?

A Black

B Blue

C Cyan

D Green

The diagram shows food being heated in a microwave oven.

Read these statements about the microwave oven:

1. The microwaves........ energy.

2. The food’s temperature increases because it........ the microwaves.

Which row gives the correct words to complete the statements?

The diagram shows a cross-section of the Earth.

An earthquake takes place at point X.

Which type(s) of seismic waves would be detected at point Y ?

The mass of a block of ice at a temperature of 0°C is 2 kg. The specific latent heat of ice is 3.34 × 10⁵ J / kg.

What amount of energy is needed to melt the block of ice? Use the Data Sheet.

1.67 × 10² J A

1.67 × 10⁵ J B

6.68 × 10⁵ J C

6.68 × 10⁸ J D

A hot object emits radiation. The graph shows how the intensity of the radiation varies with wavelength.

The temperature of the object increases.

Which row describes what happens to the peak wavelength and intensity of the radiation?

A student uses a ray box to shine a ray of light through a glass block.

Which diagram shows a correct path for the ray?

Room Y and Room Z are identical rooms. No energy can escape from the rooms. The temperature of each room is increased by using a different heater.

The heater in each is turned on for 30 minutes.

E_Y is the increase in the thermal energy store of Room Y. E_Z is the increase in the thermal energy store of Room Z.

Which row of the table is correct?

The energy stored in a stretched spring is 5 J.

What is the energy stored in the spring when the extension doubles? Use the Data Sheet.

A 5 J

B 10 J

C 20 J

D 25 J

The graph shows how the speed of a car varies with time.

At time = 0.0 s, the driver sees an obstruction in the road. At time = 0.5 s, the driver presses the brakes. At time = 2.0 s, the car stops.

What is the thinking distance of this car? Use the graph.

A 10 m

B 15 m

C 25 m

D 40 m

Describe how the teacher can do this experiment, including any equipment used. Use the Data Sheet.

Plot a graph of the data in the table and draw a line of best fit on Fig. 16.2.

Two of the points have already been completed for you.

Fig. 16.2

Describe the relationship between work done and mass.

The teacher adds a lubricant between the surface and the block.

They keep the mass of the block and distance travelled the same as before.

Sketch a line on the graph to show how work done varies with mass in this new experiment.

Label this line with the letter L.

Explain your reason for how you have drawn the line labelled L in (c)(i).

This question is about radioactivity.

The nucleus of an isotope of phosphorous (P) has a relative charge of +15. The relative mass of the nucleus is 32.

A nucleus of this isotope emits beta radiation.

State values for the relative charge and relative mass of the nucleus after beta radiation is emitted.

Relative charge........

Relative mass........

The table shows some information for two different isotopes of phosphorous. The isotopes are labelled A and B.

Complete the sentences below to describe the nucleus of isotope A and the nucleus of isotope B.

Use phrases from the list.

less than B more than B the same as B

The number of protons in the nucleus of A is ……………………………………….

The number of neutrons in the nucleus of A is ……………………………………….

A doctor needs to explore a patient’s internal organs. The doctor follows these steps:

• Injects a radioactive isotope into the patient.

• Sets up a special camera outside the patient’s body.

• Uses the camera to detect radiation emitted from the isotope.

Which radiation should be emitted by the isotope?

Tick (✓) one box.

State a reason for your answer.

There are three different isotopes with the following half-lives:

4 minutes 6 hours 18 days

The doctor chooses the isotope with a half-life of 6 hours.

Suggest two reasons why 6 hours is the most suitable half-life.

A student is trying to calculate how far away they are from a large cliff.

The student claps loudly once.

After a short time, they hear a second clap. The second clap is quieter.

Explain why they hear the second clap and why the second clap is quieter.

The student measures the time between the first clap and the second clap.

The time taken is 1.40 s. The speed of sound in air is 330 m / s.

Calculate the distance from the student to the cliff. Use the Data Sheet.

The student measures the time between the first and second clap with a stopwatch.

Suggest two reasons why the distance calculated in (a)(ii) is not accurate.

Suggest how the experiment could be improved.

When the student claps, they hear the sound.

Describe how the sound travels from the student’s hand to their ear.

Describe how the sound travels through the ear.

The student makes two different sounds, sound A and sound B.

Explain how the wavelength of sound A is different to the wavelength of sound B.

19* A car manufacturer tests two different cars of the same length, car A and car B.

Each car is pulled along at 14 m / s and crashes into a wall.

The diagrams show car A before and after the crash.

After hitting the wall, the rear wheel of car A takes twice the distance to stop compared to the rear wheel of car B.

Explain why car A is safer than car B.

In your answer, estimate the deceleration of car A during the crash. Use the Data Sheet.

A student does an experiment to measure the specific heat capacity of a metal block.

Fig. 20.1 shows the student’s equipment.

Fig. 20.1

The table shows the student’s results.

Use the data in the table to calculate the specific heat capacity of the metal block.

Use the Data Sheet.

Specific heat capacity =........ J / kg °C

The value calculated in (b)(i) is higher than the actual value. The student recorded all data correctly.

Suggest why the value calculated is higher than the actual value.

Use Fig. 20.1.

Suggest how the experiment could be improved.

Use Fig. 20.1.

Fig. 21.1 shows how the energy output per second of a wind turbine depends on the wind speed.

Fig. 21.1

Suggest a reason why energy output per second is zero when the wind speed is:

1 Less than 3.5 m / s.

2 Greater than 25 m / s.

The wind turbine has an efficiency of 0.35.

Calculate the input energy per second when the wind speed is 10 m / s.

Use Fig. 21.1 and the Data Sheet.

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

Fig. 21.2 shows how the amount of electricity generated by wind in Europe has changed with time.

Fig. 21.2

State the amount of electricity generated by wind in 2012 in joules.

1 TW h = 3.6 × 10¹⁵ J

Give your answer in standard form.

Suggest two reasons for the change shown in Fig. 21.2.

The wind turbine generates electricity at 900 V.

The wind turbine is connected to the national grid using a transformer.

The potential difference across the primary coil is 900 V. The potential difference across the secondary coil is 36 000 V. The current in the primary coil is 2800 A.

Calculate the current in the secondary coil.

Use the Data Sheet.

Explain why the use of the transformer in (c)(i) reduces power loss in the national grid.

Another transformer has a power input of 864 900 W.

The current in the primary coil is 1860 A.

Calculate the resistance of the primary coil.

Use the equation: power = (current)² × resistance

The diagram shows two planets orbiting the Sun in our Solar System.

Read the two statements about planet A:

• The speed of planet A is constant.

• The velocity of planet A is changing.

Explain why these two statements are correct. Write about forces.

The table shows data for the planets.

Explain why the speed of a planet changes when the radius of orbit changes.

Two students look at the data.

Student P says, ‘The time to orbit the Sun is proportional to the radius of orbit.’

Student Q disagrees.

Use the data in the table to show that Student Q is correct.