OCR GCSE Physics A (Gateway) Paper 1 Foundation June 2024 question paper J249/01

1h 45m 90 marks

24 questions

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Which word describes the charge on the nucleus of an atom?

A Negative

B Neutral

C Positive

D Zero

$Question 1, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

A student makes an electrical circuit.

The current at point P in the circuit is 2 A.

What is the current at point R ?

A 0 A

B 1 A

C 2 A

D 4 A

$Question 2, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

A teacher calculates the average speed of a student swimming the length of a pool.

The teacher measures:

• the distance of one length of the pool

• the time for the student to swim one length of the pool.

Which measuring instruments should the teacher use?

	Distance	Time
A	30 cm ruler	analogue clock
B	30 cm ruler	stopwatch
C	trundle wheel	analogue clock
D	trundle wheel	stopwatch

$Question 3, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

Energy is steadily supplied to a solid substance.

The graph shows the change in temperature with time.

Which term describes what is happening to the substance at point X ?

A Boiling

B Condensing

C Freezing

D Melting

$Question 4, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

A current-potential difference graph of an electrical component is shown.

Which row describes the type of graph and identifies the electrical component?

	Type of graph	Component
A	linear	diode
B	linear	filament lamp
C	non-linear	diode
D	non-linear	filament lamp

$Question 5, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

A student makes a circuit to measure the current in a thermistor and the potential difference across it.

Which circuit is correct?

$Question 6, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

[1]

Answer

Person Q has a mass of 50 kg and climbs a vertical distance of 6 m in 6 s.

Person R has a mass of 60 kg and climbs a vertical distance of 6 m in 5 s.

Who has the most power and why?

A Person Q because they have a smaller mass.

B Person Q because they transfer more energy in a longer time.

C Person R because a greater mass always means a greater power.

D Person R because they transfer more energy in a shorter time.

$Question 8, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

A spring is stretched by a load but does not return to its original length when the load is removed.

Which statement correctly describes the spring?

A The force-extension graph for the spring is linear.

B The spring has plastic deformation.

C The spring is elastic.

D The spring obeys Hooke’s Law.

$Question 9, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

A car travels at a constant speed. The car travels 32 km in 20 minutes.

How long does it take the car to travel 128 km?

A 60 minutes

B 80 minutes

C 100 minutes

D 116 minutes

$Question 10, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

A basket of flowers hangs at the end of a horizontal pole attached to a vertical wall.

The basket weighs 8 N and hangs from a point on the pole 40 cm away from the wall.

What is the moment of the basket about the point where the pole is attached to the wall?

Use the equation: moment of a force = force × distance

A 3.2 N m anti-clockwise

B 3.2 N m clockwise

C 320 N m anti-clockwise

D 320 N m clockwise

$Question 11, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

What is the correct order, from oldest to newest model, for the development of the atomic theory?

$Question 12, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

A teacher draws a graph showing the relationship between time, t, and velocity, v.

What information does the gradient tell us?

A Acceleration

B Distance travelled

C Final velocity

D Start velocity

$Question 13, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

A cyclist starts at an initial velocity of 0.0 m / s and accelerates at 1.4 m / s² for a distance of 20 m. 14

What is the final velocity of the cyclist?

Use the equation: (final velocity)² – (initial velocity)² = 2 × acceleration × distance

A 5.3 m / s

B 7.5 m / s

C 28 m / s

D 56 m / s

$Question 14, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

A molecule is made up of 10 atoms in a row.

Which measurement is a typical size for this molecule ?

1 × 10^–15 m A

1 × 10^–13 m B

1 × 10^–11 m C

1 × 10^–9 m D

$Question 15, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

This question is about how gas molecules cause pressure.

(a)

The diagram shows gas molecules exerting a pressure when they collide with the walls of a container.

Complete each sentence to explain how gas pressure changes with temperature.

Use words from the list.

decreases force increases size speed temperature

As the........ of the gas increases the molecules have greater average

........

The gas molecules collide more often with the walls of the container.

This exerts a greater........ over the same area and the gas pressure

........

[4]

Answer

(b)

Scientists often use models to help develop explanations and solve problems.

Which statements describe a simple model of the Earth’s atmosphere?

Tick (✓) three boxes.

$Question 16, shown as an image$

[3]

Answer

(c)

Calculate the constant for a gas with a volume of 1.5 m³ and a pressure of 5000 Pa. (c)

Use the equation: pressure × volume = constant

Constant =........ Pa m³

[2]

Answer

A student makes a circuit using a cell, three switches and two identical filament lamps.

(a)

Which switch or switches does the student close so that only lamp Q lights up?

[1]

Answer

(b)

Which switch or switches does the student close so that only lamp R lights up?

[1]

Answer

(c)

The switches are closed so that both lamp Q and lamp R light up.

Which sentence describes the brightness of lamp Q and lamp R ?

Tick (✓) one box.

$Question 17, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

(d)

Explain your answer to (c).

[1]

Answer

(e)

[3]

Answer

This question is about static electricity.

(a)

(a)(i)

Describe how a teacher charges a balloon with a cloth.

[1]

Answer

(a)(ii)

When the teacher charges the balloon, it becomes positively charged.

Describe what happens to the charges on the balloon as the balloon becomes positively charged.

[1]

Answer

(a)(iii)

Explain why the balloon sticks to a negatively charged rod.

[1]

Answer

(b)

Static electricity can build up in thunderclouds.

In one thundercloud the potential difference between the thundercloud and the ground is 5.0 × 10⁸ V.

When lightning strikes the ground, 7.5 × 10⁹ J of energy is transferred.

Calculate the amount of charge which flows when lightning strikes.

Use the equation: energy transferred = charge × potential difference

[3]

Answer

(c)

Calculate the charge flow in a circuit when there is a current of 15 A for 2 minutes.

Use the equation: charge flow = current × time

[3]

Answer

The diagram shows a water rocket on the ground.

(a)

(a)(i)

[2]

Answer

(a)(ii)

The rocket lifts off the ground when water is pushed out of the bottom of the rocket.

Explain how Newton’s third law applies to the rocket as it lifts off the ground.

Use ideas about the force of the water and the force of the rocket.

[2]

Answer

(a)(iii)

Describe the conditions needed for the rocket to accelerate upwards.

Use ideas about the upwards force and the downwards force.

[1]

Answer

(b)

(b)(i)

The rocket has a mass of 5.0 kg and rises a vertical distance of 45 m.

Calculate the gravitational potential energy gained by the rocket.

Use the equation: gravitational potential energy = mass × gravitational field strength × height

Gravitational field strength = 10 N / kg

[2]

Answer

(b)(ii)

A different water rocket does 12 500 J of work in 5 seconds when it rises upwards.

Calculate the power of this water rocket.

$Question 19, shown as an image$

Include the correct unit.

[3]

Answer

(c)

A student writes a summary about gravitational fields.

The student has made two mistakes in their summary.

Identify the two mistakes and write down the correct word for each mistake.

[4]

Answer

A scientist investigates the specific heat capacity of different solid materials.

The diagram shows the equipment the scientist uses.

(a)

The scientist wants to get more accurate values for the specific heat capacities of the different materials.

Suggest one thing the scientist can do to improve the set-up of their equipment.

Give a reason for your answer.

Suggestion........

Reason........

[2]

Answer

(b)

The table shows the results for the materials.

Material	Specific heat capacity (J / kg °C)
aluminium	900
concrete	1000
copper	385
iron	450

A chef buys a saucepan made from the material in the table which will increase in temperature the most quickly when it is heated.

State and explain which material the saucepan is made from.

Material........

Explanation........

[2]

Answer

(c)

Complete the sentence to explain the meaning of specific latent heat of vaporisation.

Specific latent heat of vaporisation is the energy transferred when........

[2]

Answer

(a)

A teacher fills up a plastic bottle with water.

The teacher makes a small hole in the side of the bottle so that the water flows out.

(a)(i)

At what angle to the side of the bottle does the water flow out?

[1]

Answer

(a)(ii)

Explain why the water flows out of the bottle at this angle.

[1]

Answer

(b)

A force of 1.8 N acts on a 0.12 m² area of ground. (b)

(b)(i)

Calculate the pressure exerted on the ground.

Use the Equation Sheet.

[3]

Answer

(b)(ii)

The force is kept constant and the area the force acts on is halved.

What happens to the pressure exerted on the ground?

[1]

Answer

[6]

Answer

(a)

Fig. 23.1 shows a (dipping) compass used in schools.

It is currently showing the reading for the UK.

Fig. 23.1

(a)(i)

Describe how the position of the needle changes if the compass is moved from the equator to the poles of the Earth.

[2]

Answer

(a)(ii)

What does your answer to (a)(i) suggest about the Earth’s core?

[1]

Answer

(b)

Fig. 23.2 shows the equipment a teacher sets up to demonstrate using a plotting compass to investigate the magnetic field around a current-carrying wire.

Fig. 23.2

(b)(i)

Describe how the teacher uses this equipment to show the shape of the magnetic field around the current-carrying wire.

[3]

Answer

(b)(ii)

On Fig. 23.3 sketch the magnetic field around the current carrying wire.

Fig. 23.3

[2]

Answer

An engineer investigates the properties of a spring.

This is their method:

• Carefully add different loads to the spring.

• Measure the extension of the spring for each load.

• Repeat the experiment three times for each load.

The table shows the engineer’s results.

Load (N)			Extension (cm)
	Test 1	Test 2	Test 3	Mean
100	2.1	2.2	2.2
200	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.2
300	6.3	6.5	6.4	6.4
400	8.6	8.6	8.6	8.6
500	10.6	10.4	10.8	10.6

(a)

(a)(i)

Calculate the missing value of the mean extension for a load of 100 N to a suitable degree of accuracy.

[1]

Answer

(a)(ii)

Plot the missing value on the graph for a load of 100 N.

Draw a line of best fit.

[2]

Answer

(a)(iii)

Calculate the gradient of the graph. Show your workings on the graph.

Gradient =........ N / cm

[2]

Answer

(a)(iv)

Use your answer to (a)(iii) to determine the spring constant for the spring.

Spring constant =........ N / cm

[1]

Answer

(b)

When the engineer repeats the experiment, they use the same method and the same equipment.

The engineer says the results show that the experiment is reproducible.

Suggest two reasons why the engineer is incorrect.

[2]

Answer

(c)

Identify one possible hazard for this experiment and the precaution the engineer should take.

Hazard........

Precaution........

[2]

Answer

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OCR J249 · Paper 1

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Question 7

Question 8

Question 9

Question 10

Question 11

Question 12

Question 13

Question 14

Question 15

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Question 17

Question 18

Question 19

Question 20

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Question 22

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Question 24