Alloys as useful materials

This question is about aluminium.

State why aluminium cannot be extracted by heating aluminium oxide with carbon.

Aluminium is a metal with many uses.

Aluminium is malleable, a good conductor of heat and electricity, and has a low density compared to most other metals.

Explain two uses of aluminium that are related to its properties.

The diagram represents the structure of pure aluminium, and the structure of an alloy of aluminium.

Use the diagram to explain why the alloy is harder than pure aluminium.

The box gives the names of some metals.

Use words from the box to answer these questions.

Identify the metal that burns with a bright white flame.

Explain which metal is most likely to be found in the Earth as an uncombined element.

Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon.

The diagram shows how the particles are arranged in steel.

State what is meant by the term alloy.

Explain why an alloy is less malleable than a pure metal.

Titanium is an important metal in industry.

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) can be converted into titanium metal in two stages.

Stage 1 titanium dioxide is converted into titanium(IV) chloride (TiCl₄)

Stage 2 titanium(IV) chloride is converted into titanium

This is the equation for the reaction in stage 1.

Calculate the volume, in dm³, of chlorine gas at rtp needed to react completely with 20 tonnes of titanium dioxide.

Give your answer in standard form.

[1 tonne = 10⁶g M_r of TiO₂ = 80]

[molar volume of chlorine gas at rtp = 24 dm³]

In stage 2, titanium(IV) chloride vapour is passed through molten magnesium in a container filled with argon.

This is the equation for the reaction in stage 2.

Explain why the container is filled with argon rather than air.

Aeroplanes are made of an alloy containing aluminium and titanium.

Explain why the alloy is stronger than pure titanium metal.

You may include diagrams in your answer.

The box gives the names of some metals.

Identify the metal from the box that burns with a bright white flame.

In the Earth, metals are found either in ores or as uncombined elements.

Explain which metal from the box is most likely to be found as an uncombined element.

This is the order of reactivity of four metals.

The method used to obtain a metal from its oxide depends on the reactivity of the metal.

Two possible methods are

Method 1 heating the metal oxide with carbon

Method 2 electrolysis

Explain which method should be used to obtain lead from lead(II) oxide, PbO

Include an equation for the formation of lead in your answer.

The diagram shows the arrangement of the particles in a pure metal.

Metals are often made into alloys to make them harder.

Explain why alloys are harder than pure metals.

Draw a diagram to support your answer.

This question is about metals.

Which statement describes metallic bonding?

electrons shared between them

Aluminium is malleable and can be easily shaped to make saucepans used for cooking food.

State two other properties of aluminium that make it suitable for saucepans used for cooking food.

Magnalium is an alloy of aluminium and magnesium.

The diagram shows how the atoms are arranged in this alloy.

State what is meant by the term alloy.

Explain why magnalium is harder than aluminium.