Electronic structure

The table shows the composition of five species that are either atoms or ions.

Use the table to answer these questions.

You may use each letter once, more than once, or not at all.

Give the letter of the species that is a negative ion.

Give the letter of the species that has a full outer shell of electrons.

Give the letter of the species that has an atomic number equal to its mass number.

Explain why species B and C are atoms of the same element with identical chemical properties.

A proton has a mass of 1.672610^–24g.

A neutron has a mass of 1.674010^–24g.

Calculate the mass, in grams, of the nucleus of an atom of species C.

Use the Periodic Table to answer these questions.

Give the name of the element with atomic number 16

Give the name of the element with relative atomic mass 9

Give the name of the element in Group 3 and Period 2

Give the electronic configuration of an atom of silicon.

Explain, in terms of electron configuration, why sodium is more reactive than lithium.

Table 1 shows some relative masses and charges of subatomic particles.

Complete table 1 by giving the missing information.

Table 2 gives the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in atoms and ions of some elements.

The letters are not the symbols of the elements.

What is the atomic number of P in table 2?

What is the mass number of U in table 2?

Give the letter in table 2 that represents an element in Group 5 of the Periodic Table.

Q and R represent isotopes of the same element.

Explain, in terms of subatomic particles, why Q and R are isotopes.

A sample containing the isotopes Q and R has this percentage composition by mass.

Q = 20.6 %
R = 79.4 %

Calculate the relative atomic mass (A_r) of this sample of the element.

Give your answer to one decimal place.

Use the Periodic Table to help you answer this question.

Name the element with atomic number 14.

Name the element in Group 2 and Period 3.

Name an element that is a liquid at room temperature.

Give the electronic configuration of an atom of phosphorus.

Give the formula of sodium sulfide.

Explain, in terms of electron configuration, why neon is unreactive.

The table lists three subatomic particles.

Complete the table by giving the missing information.

How are elements arranged in the Periodic Table?

Which statement is correct about the position of phosphorus, P, in the Periodic Table?

Explain which of the four elements in the diagram is least reactive.

The diagram shows the electronic configuration of an atom of an element.

Complete the table by giving the missing information.

The table gives information about four different species, W, X, Y and Z.

Give the mass number of W.

Give a reason why X has a 3+ charge.

Explain why Y and Z are isotopes of the same element.

This question is about the element phosphorus and some of its compounds.

The atomic number of phosphorus is 15

Give the electronic configuration of an atom of phosphorus.

Calcium phosphide is an ionic compound used in pest control.

The formula of a calcium ion is Ca²⁺

Explain why the formula of calcium phosphide is Ca₃P₂

Calcium phosphide can be produced by heating calcium phosphate with carbon.

Complete the equation for the reaction.

Explain the role of carbon in the reaction.

Calcium phosphide reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide and phosphine, PH₃

Give a chemical equation for this reaction.

Explain why calcium phosphide has a high melting point.

You should refer to structure and bonding in your answer.

The diagram shows the electronic configuration of an atom of an element.

Name the part of the atom that contains the protons and neutrons.

Give the number of protons in this atom.

Give the number of the group that contains this element.

Give the number of the period that contains this element.

Give the charge on the ion formed from this atom.

The diagram shows the positions of some elements in part of the Periodic Table.

Na A l S C l

K Xe

Give the symbol of a metal from the diagram.

Give the symbol of an element from the diagram that forms an acidic oxide.

Give a similarity in the electron configurations of A l and I n.

Explain which element in the diagram is unreactive.

A teacher adds a small piece of sodium to a glass trough containing water and universal indicator.

The universal indicator changes colour.

The equation for the reaction is

Explain the final colour of the universal indicator.

The teacher repeats the experiment with potassium instead of sodium.

Give one similarity and one difference observed with potassium.

similarity

difference

The reaction with sodium produces 0.036 g of hydrogen gas.

One mole of hydrogen gas contains 6.010²³ molecules.

Calculate the number of molecules of hydrogen gas produced in the reaction with sodium.

Give your answer to two significant figures.

This question is about chemical elements.

Use the Periodic Table to help you answer this question.

Identify the element with atomic number 5

Give the symbol of a metallic element in Period 3

Identify the element whose atoms contain 14 protons.

Identify the element whose atoms have the electronic configuration 2.5

Give the name of the compound formed between oxygen and the element with atomic number 13

The position of an element in the Periodic Table can be used to predict its properties.

Which group contains elements that are all unreactive?

Which of these is the least reactive element in Group 1?

The diagram shows the positions of some elements in the Periodic Table.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0

Use symbols from this table to answer these questions.

Each symbol may be used once, more than once or not at all.

Give the symbol of a metal.

Give the symbol of a noble gas.

Give the symbol of a liquid at room temperature.

Give the symbols of the two elements in Period 3

Deduce the electronic configuration of Na

Chlorine, bromine and iodine are elements in the Periodic Table.

Explain how the position of these elements in the Periodic Table depends on their electronic configurations.

Chlorine reacts with methane to form CH₃Cl and HCl

State the condition necessary for this reaction.

Give the equation for this reaction.

The bonds in a molecule of CH₃Cl are covalent.

Explain, in terms of electrostatic attractions, what is meant by a covalent bond.

CH₃Cl has a simple molecular structure.

Explain why CH₃Cl has a low boiling point.

Graphite is another substance that contains covalent bonds.

The diagram shows the structure of graphite.

Most covalent substances do not conduct electricity.

Explain why graphite is able to conduct electricity.

Thallium, Tl, is an element in Group 3 and Period 6 of the Periodic Table.

The atomic number of thallium is 81

How many electrons are there in the outer shell of an atom of thallium?

A thallium ion has a charge of 3+

How many electrons are there in this thallium ion?

A sample of thallium contains two isotopes.

The table shows the mass number and percentage abundance of each isotope in the sample.

Give the number of protons and the number of neutrons in one atom of the thallium-205 isotope.

number of protons_........

number of neutrons_........

Calculate the relative atomic mass of this sample of thallium.

Give your answer to one decimal place.

The diagram shows the electronic configuration of an atom of an element.

Complete the table by giving the missing information about this atom.

This element has three isotopes.

The table shows the mass number and percentage abundance of each isotope in a sample of this element.

Calculate the relative atomic mass (A_r) of this element.

Give your answer to one decimal place.

This question is about ionic compounds.

The table shows the formulae of some positive and negative ions, and the formulae of some compounds containing these ions.

Complete the table by giving the three missing formulae.

Give the name of the compound with the formula NH₄NO₃

Sodium oxide, Na₂O, is an ionic compound.

The sodium and oxide ions are held together by ionic bonds.

State the meaning of the term ionic bond.

The diagram shows the arrangement of the electrons in a sodium atom and in an oxygen atom.

Draw diagrams in the boxes to show the arrangement of the electrons in the ions of sodium oxide.

Include the charges on the ions.