Isotopes & relative atomic mass

The diagram represents an atom of an element.

Label the three subatomic particles on the diagram.

Use information from the diagram to complete the table for this element.

Give the name of this element.

The table shows the composition of five species that are either atoms or ions.

Use the table to answer these questions.

You may use each letter once, more than once, or not at all.

Give the letter of the species that is a negative ion.

Give the letter of the species that has a full outer shell of electrons.

Give the letter of the species that has an atomic number equal to its mass number.

Explain why species B and C are atoms of the same element with identical chemical properties.

A proton has a mass of 1.672610^–24g.

A neutron has a mass of 1.674010^–24g.

Calculate the mass, in grams, of the nucleus of an atom of species C.

This question is about atomic structure.

The table shows the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in five species, V, W, X, Y and Z.

The letters represent the species but are not symbols from the Periodic Table.

Choose letters from the table to answer these questions.

Each letter may be used once, more than once or not at all.

Which species is an atom?

Which species is an ion with a positive charge?

Which species is an ion with a 3− charge?

State what is meant by the term atomic number.

State what is meant by the term mass number.

The diagram represents an atom of an element.

What is the name of the particle labelled W?

What is the mass number of this atom?

These are the symbols for the two isotopes of lithium.

In terms of sub-atomic particles, give one similarity and one difference between the two isotopes.

similarity

difference

A sample of lithium contains 7.5% of⁶₃Li and 92.5% of⁷₃Li

Calculate the relative atomic mass (A_r) of this sample of lithium.

Table 1 shows some relative masses and charges of subatomic particles.

Complete table 1 by giving the missing information.

Table 2 gives the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in atoms and ions of some elements.

The letters are not the symbols of the elements.

What is the atomic number of P in table 2?

What is the mass number of U in table 2?

Give the letter in table 2 that represents an element in Group 5 of the Periodic Table.

Q and R represent isotopes of the same element.

Explain, in terms of subatomic particles, why Q and R are isotopes.

A sample containing the isotopes Q and R has this percentage composition by mass.

Q = 20.6 %
R = 79.4 %

Calculate the relative atomic mass (A_r) of this sample of the element.

Give your answer to one decimal place.

The diagram represents an atom of an element.

What is the particle labelled W?

An atom of this element contains 13 neutrons.

What is the mass number of this element?

State why atoms have no overall charge.

What is the charge on the ion usually formed from this element?

There are two isotopes of the element lithium.

State why both isotopes react in the same way.

A sample of lithium contains 7.60%₃⁶Li and 92.4%⁷₃Li

Calculate the relative atomic mass, A_r, of this sample of lithium.

Give your answer to two decimal places.

This question is about the three halogens, bromine, chlorine and iodine.

Give the number of protons and the number of neutrons in an atom of iodine–127

number of protons

number of neutrons

A sample of bromine contains two isotopes.

• Br–79 with relative abundance 52.8 %

• Br–81 with relative abundance 47.2 %

Calculate the relative atomic mass (A_r) of this sample of bromine.

Give your answer to three significant figures.

Aluminium reacts with chlorine to form aluminium chloride.

This is the equation for the reaction.

Calculate the minimum mass of chlorine needed to form 26.7 g of aluminium chloride.

[for Cl₂, M_r = 71 for AlCl₃, M_r = 133.5]

A student mixes the following pairs of solutions.

Pair 1 bromine solution and potassium chloride solution

Pair 2 bromine solution and potassium iodide solution

Explain how the student can use the results of these experiments to show the order of reactivity of the three halogens, bromine, chlorine and iodine.

Include observations in your answer.

This question is about elements in Group 7 of the Periodic Table.

Which element is a liquid at room temperature?

What colour is solid iodine?

Describe a test for chlorine gas.

A sample of chlorine, containing two isotopes, has this percentage composition by mass.

chlorine‑35 71.2% chlorine‑37 28.8%

Calculate the relative atomic mass of this sample of chlorine.

Give your answer to one decimal place.

A student is given an aqueous solution of chlorine and an aqueous solution of sodium iodide.

Explain how the student can use these solutions to compare the reactivity of chlorine with the reactivity of iodine.

The diagram shows the electronic configuration of an atom of an element.

Complete the table by giving the missing information.

The table gives information about four different species, W, X, Y and Z.

Give the mass number of W.

Give a reason why X has a 3+ charge.

Explain why Y and Z are isotopes of the same element.

The diagram represents an atom of an element.

Use numbers from the box to complete the table.

You may use each number once, more than once or not at all.

In terms of sub‑atomic particles, state a similarity and a difference for isotopes of the same element.

similarity

difference

This question is about copper and copper compounds.

A sample of copper contains two isotopes.

• Cu-63 with relative abundance 69.5%

• Cu-65 with relative abundance 30.5%

State what is meant by the term isotopes.

Calculate the relative atomic mass (A_r) of this sample of copper.

Give your answer to three significant figures.

When copper(II) carbonate is heated, copper(II) oxide and carbon dioxide are formed.

What is the name of this type of reaction?

Which colour change occurs during this reaction?

A student uses this apparatus to find the value of x in the formula CuSO₄.xH₂O

This is the student’s method.

• find the mass of an empty boiling tube

• add hydrated copper(II) sulfate to the tube and record the new mass

• heat the hydrated copper(II) sulfate until it changes colour

• allow the tube to cool and record the mass again

The table shows the student’s results.

Calculate the mass of CuSO₄ formed.

Calculate the mass of water formed.

Show that the value of x is approximately 4

[M_r of CuSO₄ = 159.5 M_r of H₂O = 18]

The actual value of x is 5

Give a reason why the calculated value of x is lower than the actual value.

The diagram shows the sub‑atomic particles in an atom of an element.

Give the name of each of the sub‑atomic particles labelled P, Q and R.

Give the name of the part of the atom labelled S.

Give the name of this element.

Complete the table to show the relative mass and relative charge of a proton and a neutron.

Magnesium has three isotopes.

State the meaning of the term isotopes.

The symbol for an atom of one isotope of magnesium is

Give the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in one atom of this isotope.

number of protons

number of neutrons

number of electrons

A sample of magnesium contains these percentages of the three isotopes.

Mg‑24 = 79.00 % Mg‑25 = 10.00 % Mg‑26 = 11.00 %

Use this information to show that the relative atomic mass of magnesium is 24.32

One mole of magnesium has a mass of 24.32 g. There are 6.022 × 10²³ atoms in one mole.

Calculate the mass, in grams, of one atom of magnesium.

Give your answer to 4 significant figures.

The equation for the reaction between magnesium and oxygen is

Determine the maximum amount, in moles, of magnesium oxide that can be produced from 0.50 mol of magnesium and 0.20 mol of oxygen.

The diagram shows an atom of an element.

What is the name of the particle labelled Y?

Give the mass number of this atom.

Name this element.

Use the Periodic Table on page 2 to help you.

There are two isotopes of this element.

Give one way, in terms of sub-atomic particles, that these isotopes are the same and one way that they are different.

Thallium, Tl, is an element in Group 3 and Period 6 of the Periodic Table.

The atomic number of thallium is 81

How many electrons are there in the outer shell of an atom of thallium?

A thallium ion has a charge of 3+

How many electrons are there in this thallium ion?

A sample of thallium contains two isotopes.

The table shows the mass number and percentage abundance of each isotope in the sample.

Give the number of protons and the number of neutrons in one atom of the thallium-205 isotope.

number of protons_........

number of neutrons_........

Calculate the relative atomic mass of this sample of thallium.

Give your answer to one decimal place.

The diagram shows the particles in the atom of an element.

Particle Y is a proton.

What is particle Z?

Which of these has the smallest mass?

What is the mass number of this atom?

What is the atomic number of this atom?

Identify the element that contains this atom.

State what is formed when this atom loses its outer shell electrons.

The diagram shows the electronic configuration of an atom of an element.

Complete the table by giving the missing information about this atom.

This element has three isotopes.

The table shows the mass number and percentage abundance of each isotope in a sample of this element.

Calculate the relative atomic mass (A_r) of this element.

Give your answer to one decimal place.

The diagram shows the particles in an atom of an element.

The box gives the names of some particles.

Use words from the box to label the diagram.

Give the mass number of this atom.

Complete the sentence about isotopes.

Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of_........

but have a different number of_........ .

The table gives some information about the halogens, chlorine, bromine and iodine.

Complete the table.

Chlorine has two isotopes of mass numbers 35 and 37

The relative percentage of each isotope in a sample of chlorine is

chlorine-35 77.78% chlorine-37 22.22%

Calculate the relative atomic mass of this sample of chlorine.

Give your answer to one decimal place.

A student is given an aqueous solution of chlorine and an aqueous solution of potassium bromide.

Explain how he can use these two solutions to compare the reactivity of chlorine with the reactivity of bromine.

The diagram represents an atom of boron.

Use information from the diagram to complete the table.

The first row has been done for you.

Boron has two isotopes, boron‑10 and boron‑11.

A sample of boron contains 18.7% of boron‑10 and 81.3% of boron‑11.

Calculate the relative atomic mass of this sample of boron.