This question is about the motion of objects in the solar system.
Draw a labelled diagram showing the Moon orbiting the Earth.
(2)
Give the name of the force that causes the Moon to orbit the Earth.
(1)
Give the name of another object that orbits the Earth.
(1)
A planet and a comet both orbit a star.
Give a difference between the orbit of a planet and the orbit of a comet.
(1)
This question is about radioactivity.
The nucleus of an atom of carbon has 6 protons and 8 neutrons.
Which row of the table shows the nucleus of an atom that is a different isotope of carbon?
(1)
Which type of radiation is a high-energy electron?
(1)
A nucleus emits radiation. This causes the mass number to decrease by one. The atomic number stays the same.
Which type of radiation does the nucleus emit?
(1)
The nucleus of an isotope of uranium can be represented using this symbol.
The nucleus forms part of a positively charged ion.
How many electrons could be in this ion?
(1)
A radioactive isotope has an initial activity of 400 Bq.
The half-life of the isotope is 8 hours.
What is the activity of the isotope after 16 hours?
(1)
The photograph shows infrared heating lamps being used to harden fresh paint on
Give a harmful effect of infrared waves.
(1)
The heating lamps produce visible light waves in addition to infrared waves.
Give two similar properties of visible light waves and infrared waves.
(2)
Give two differences between the properties of visible light waves and infrared waves.
(2)
The infrared heating lamps are placed 1.5 m from the car.
Calculate the time taken for infrared waves emitted from a lamp to reach the car.
[for infrared waves, speed = 3.0 × 108m/s]
(3)
Paint takes less time to harden when it absorbs more energy from infrared radiation.
A technician observes that white paint takes more time to harden than black paint.
Explain this observation.
(2)
This question is about the evolution of a star.
A main sequence star is created in a collapsing region of a nebula.
The table gives different energy stores for the gases in the collapsing nebula, from when the nebula starts to collapse to just before the main sequence star is created.
Complete the table by placing ticks (
) to show whether each energy store increases, decreases or stays the same.
(4)
At the end of the main sequence stage of a star’s evolution, the star can become a red giant or a red supergiant.
Give the property of a star that determines whether it becomes a red giant or a red supergiant.
(1)
A red giant star eventually becomes a white dwarf star.
Discuss the differences between a red giant star and a white dwarf star.
(4)
A metal spring obeys Hooke’s law.
Sketch a graph to show that the spring obeys Hooke’s law as it is stretched.
You should label both axes with appropriate physical quantities.
(3)
Diagram 1 shows an object suspended from a support using a metal spring.
The object is initially at rest.
The object is pulled down and then released.
Diagram 2 shows the forces acting on the object at the instant it is released.
Determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant force acting on the object.
(2)
The object has a mass of 0.20 kg.
Calculate the acceleration of the object at the instant it is released.
acceleration =........ 2
(3)
Explain how the magnitude of the acceleration of the object changes, from the instant the object is released until the first time the object returns to its initial resting position.
You should refer to the forces acting on the object in your answer.
(3)
Diagram 1 shows the magnetic field lines near the south pole of a bar magnet.
Draw two arrows on the field lines in diagram 1 to show the direction of the magnetic field lines.
(1)
Which of these is attracted to the bar magnet if placed in the magnetic field?
(1)
The strength of the magnetic field changes as the distance from the south pole increases.
Explain how the magnetic field lines show this.
(2)
Diagram 2 shows a small piece of iron that has been placed in the magnetic field.
The piece of iron becomes magnetised when placed in the magnetic field.
Explain why the piece of iron experiences a force towards the south pole of the bar magnet.
You may add to diagram 2 to help your answer.
(2)
A student suggests that the piece of iron is now a permanent magnet.
Explain why the student is incorrect.
(2)
The diagram shows a domestic lighting circuit.
Explain an advantage of using this circuit for domestic lighting.
(2)
When switch 1 is closed, the current in lamp 1 is 22 mA.
Give the name of the charged particle that moves in an electric current.
(1)
Show that lamp 1 has a power of about 5 W.
(3)
Calculate the energy transferred by lamp 1 when it is on for 30 seconds.
(3)
The circuit is connected to the mains supply. Mains voltage is 230 V.
State what is meant by the term voltage.
(1)
Switches 1 and 3 are closed, which turn on lamps 1 and 3.
Switch 2 is open.
Calculate the current in the mains supply.
(2)
The diagram shows two rays of light, A and B, incident on the boundary between air and water.
The refractive index of water is 1.33
Explain the paths of the two rays of light after they strike the boundary between air and water.
Include calculations in your answer and draw on the diagram to support your answer.
(6)
This question is about air pressure.
During an aeroplane flight, a passenger drinks some water from a plastic bottle.
The air pressure outside the bottle is 80 kPa.
State the air pressure inside the bottle just after the bottle has been sealed.
(1)
As the aeroplane descends, the air pressure inside the aeroplane changes.
When the aeroplane lands, the passenger notices that the plastic bottle has collapsed, as shown in diagram 2.
Explain why the bottle has collapsed.
(2)
Explain how gas molecules in the air exert a pressure on the surface of the bottle.
(3)
Diagram 1 shows the apparatus a student uses to investigate the bending of a wooden strip.
Part of the wooden strip is clamped to a table.
A load is fixed to the free end of the wooden strip, causing it to bend.
The free end of the wooden strip is positioned a length, L, beyond the edge of the table, as shown in diagram 1.
The weight of the load causes the end of the wooden strip to move down through a height, h.
A student investigates how the length, L, affects the height, h.
The load has a mass of 250 g.
Calculate the weight of the load.
Use the formula
weight = mass × gravitational field strength, g
(2)
This is the student’s method for the investigation.
• clamp the wooden strip so that L = 20 cm
• fix the load to the end of the wooden strip, as shown in diagram 1
• measure the height, h
The student repeats this method for different values of L.
Give the independent and dependent variables in the investigation.
independent variable
(2)
dependent variable
Give two control variables in the investigation.
(2)
Suggest how the student could accurately measure the height, h.
(2)
The table shows the results of the investigation.
| Length (L) in cm | Height (h) in cm |
| 20 | 2 |
| 40 | 8 |
| 60 | 18 |
| 80 | |
| 100 | 53 |
| 120 | 71 |
Diagram 2 shows the wooden strip when L = 80 cm.
Using diagram 2, determine the height, h, in the laboratory. [1 cm on the diagram = 10 cm in the laboratory]
(2)
Plot a graph of the student’s results.
(2)
The student concludes that h is directly proportional to L.
Evaluate the student’s conclusion.
(2)
The photograph shows a power bank used to recharge the battery in an electronic device.
The power bank stores charge.
The charge stored can be measured in amp-hours (Ah). 1 Ah is the amount of charge transferred by a current of 1 A in a time of 1 hour.
Calculate the charge stored in coulombs when the charge stored is 1 Ah.
Use the formula
charge stored = current × time taken
(2)
An electronic device is connected to the power bank.
Whilst recharging, the electronic device receives a constant current of 2.4 A and 3.8 × 103C of charge is transferred.
Calculate the time taken to recharge the electronic device.
Give your answer in minutes.
(3)
The electronic device is connected to the power bank using a long cable.
Suggest how using a long cable affects the time taken to recharge the electronic device when compared with a short cable.
(2)
A student owns three electronic devices. Each electronic device stores a different amount of charge.
The table gives some information about the charge stored by the electronic devices and how often they need to be recharged.
| Electronic device | Charge stored Frequency of in Ah recharging |
| A | 2.4 once every day |
| B | 4.2 once during the week |
| C | 6.8 once during the week |
The power bank stores a maximum charge of 26.8 Ah.
The student needs to take these three electronic devices on a school trip for one week.
Determine whether the maximum charge of the power bank is enough to recharge the batteries of the three electronic devices during the school trip.
(4)
A car accelerates with a constant driving force along a horizontal road and reaches its maximum speed.
This is the velocity-time graph for the car’s journey.
By drawing a tangent to the curve, determine the acceleration of the car at a time of 20 s.
acceleration =........ 2
(4)
Determine the distance travelled by the car during the first 80 s of its journey.
(5)
The paper as printed
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