Aggregate supply

(a) With reference to Figure 1, explain the distinction between direct and indirect taxation.

(b) With reference to Extract A, examine two factors influencing the short‑run aggregate supply of the German economy.

(c) With reference to the information provided and your own knowledge, assess the likely macroeconomic effects of the German government’s budget deficit.

(d) With reference to Extract B, discuss the impact of the planned investment by Intel in a new semiconductor factory on Germany’s aggregate demand. Use an aggregate demand and aggregate supply diagram in your answer.

(e) Discuss supply‑side policies the German government could use ‘to improve its economic performance’ (Extract A, line 6).

With reference to Figure 1, explain the distinction between direct and indirect taxation.

With reference to Extract A, examine two factors influencing the short‑run aggregate supply of the German economy.

With reference to the information provided and your own knowledge, assess the likely macroeconomic effects of the German government’s budget deficit.

With reference to Extract B, discuss the impact of the planned investment by Intel in a new semiconductor factory on Germany’s aggregate demand. Use an aggregate demand and aggregate supply diagram in your answer.

Discuss supply‑side policies the German government could use ‘to improve its economic performance’ (Extract A, line 6).

Which one of the following diagrams illustrates the impact of an increase in net exports along a Keynesian long-run aggregate supply curve?

Using the classical long-run aggregate supply curve, explain what will happen in the long run to real output if aggregate demand increases.

Explain the likely impact on aggregate demand of a fall in average house prices.

A number of business groups have signed an open letter to the UK Government asking it to commit to delivering the full High Speed 2 rail link. This will connect London to the northern cities of Manchester and Leeds at a cost of £56 billion and reduce journey times by as much as 50%.

(Source adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/jun/22/business-heads-urge-next-pm-to-commit-to-finishing-hs2)

Explain one likely impact of this project on aggregate supply in the UK.

Government spending on the High Speed 2 rail link is an example of which of the following?

Explain how the Turkish central bank intervenes in the currency market to prevent ‘excessive appreciation or depreciation of the Turkish lira’ (Extract A, lines 7–8).

Examine two reasons why the Turkish government may want to avoid a significant fall in the exchange rate of the Turkish lira.

Discuss the likely success of policies to reduce the consumption of single‑use plastic bags in cities such as Istanbul.

EITHER

Evaluate the likely microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of a rise in interest rates in Turkey.

Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic impact of large infrastructure projects such as the building of a third airport in Istanbul.

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With specific reference to Figure 3, explain why productivity is measured by ‘GDP per hour worked, nominal values at PPPs’.

Apart from literacy and numeracy skills in young workers, examine one reason for the trend in productivity in the UK, over the period shown in Figure 4.

Discuss factors that are causing many high street retailers in the UK to close some branches or shut down completely. Use a cost and revenue diagram to support your answer.

EITHER

Evaluate possible microeconomic and macroeconomic policies which could be used to improve UK competitiveness.

Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of a decline in the literacy and numeracy skills of a country’s young workers.

Write your answer here:

With specific reference to Figure 3, explain why productivity is measured by ‘GDP per hour worked, nominal values at PPPs’.

Apart from literacy and numeracy skills in young workers, examine one reason for the trend in productivity in the UK, over the period shown in Figure 4.

Discuss factors that are causing many high street retailers in the UK to close some branches or shut down completely. Use a cost and revenue diagram to support your answer.

EITHER

Evaluate possible microeconomic and macroeconomic policies which could be used to improve UK competitiveness.

Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of a decline in the literacy and numeracy skills of a country’s young workers.

Write your answer here: