Edexcel GCSE Chemistry Paper 2 Foundation June 2022 question paper 1CH0/2F

Figure 1 shows toothbrushes in a container.

The toothbrush handles are made of plastic (polymer).

Give a reason why plastic is a suitable material to make a toothbrush handle.

Some toothbrush handles are made of wood, not plastic.

Explain a disadvantage of using plastics.

The container is made of a ceramic material.

Which is a property of the ceramic that makes it suitable for the container?

In some countries, toothpastes contain nanoparticles of silver.

Which statement describes the size of a nanoparticle?

Toothpastes contain abrasives and other substances to make them effective.

Figure 2 is a pie chart of the percentage composition by volume of one toothpaste.

Calculate the volume of water in 150 cm³ of this toothpaste.

This question is about elements in group 1 of the periodic table.

Figure 3 shows the symbols of the first three elements in group 1 of the periodic table and their melting points.

Use the periodic table to answer these questions.

Give the symbol of another element in group 1.

Give the atomic number of lithium.

Describe the trend in the melting points of the elements in Figure 3.

The elements in group 1 react very vigorously with water.

A student suggests this method to see what happens when sodium reacts with water.

step 1 put on safety glasses and a laboratory coat

step 2 cut a 2 cm2 cm2 cm cube of sodium

step 3 put a few drops of water in the container shown in Figure 4

step 4 add the sodium to the water in the container and observe the reaction

Figure 4 shows a diagram of the container the student suggested for step 3.

Give the name of the container shown in Figure 4.

A teacher says that the method is not safe because the reaction is too vigorous.

Explain changes that could be made to step 2 and to step 3 that would make the method safer.

step 2: change and explanation

step 3: change and explanation

Compounds are tested to see if they contain chloride, bromide or iodide ions.

Figure 5 shows a flow chart of this test.

Describe how to make a solution from a solid in a test tube.

Give the name of the apparatus that should be used to add a few drops of silver nitrate solution to the test tube.

When an equation is written for this reaction, which state symbol is used for the silver nitrate solution?

When one compound is tested, a precipitate is seen.

State what you see when a precipitate forms.

Using Figure 5, name the ion in the compound that causes a cream precipitate.

A compound of potassium is tested. It forms a white precipitate.

Using Figure 5, name the compound.

10.0 g of the solution of the compound of potassium are tested. 1.0 g of dilute nitric acid is added. 4 drops of silver nitrate solution are added, each with a mass of 0.2 g.

Calculate the mass of the mixture at the end of the test.

Some reactions are exothermic and some reactions are endothermic.

What does an exothermic reaction always give out?

In an experiment, a solid is mixed with a liquid. The temperature change of the mixture is measured.

Figure 6 shows the apparatus that is used.

Give the letter of the piece of apparatus, A, B, C or D, in Figure 6 that is used to measure the temperature.

Give the name of the piece of apparatus B shown in Figure 6.

The piece of apparatus labelled C is made from polystyrene.

State why polystyrene is a better material than glass for this piece of apparatus.

The results of the experiment are given in Figure 7.

Calculate the change in temperature.

Give a sign and a unit in your answer.

The solid used in this experiment contained only NH⁺₄ ions and NO^–₃ ions.

Give the formula and the name of the solid.

Figure 8 shows one molecule of a compound obtained from crude oil.

Give the names of the two elements in this molecule.

What is the molecule in Figure 8?

What is the relative formula mass of the compound in Figure 8?

(relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, C = 12)

Crude oil can be separated into different fractions.

Draw one straight line from each fraction to a use of that fraction.

Hydrogen chloride gas and sulfur dioxide gas are dissolved in separate test tubes of water. Blue litmus paper is dipped into each test tube.

State and explain the colour change you would observe in each test tube.

This question is about elements in group 7, the halogens.

Which halogen is a green gas at room temperature and pressure?

Bromine, chlorine and iodine all react with heated iron wool.

Figure 9 shows the speed of these reactions.

When iron wool is heated with chlorine, iron chloride is formed.

Write the word equation for this reaction.

Give the name of the halogen in Figure 9 that is the most reactive with iron.

34.4 % of the mass of iron chloride is iron.

Calculate the mass of iron and the mass of chlorine in 125 g of iron chloride.

Alkenes react with halogens.

When iron chloride is added to the reaction mixture, the reaction is much faster but the products are the same.

Use words from the box to complete the sentences.

The iron chloride speeds up the reaction because it is_........

After the reaction, the mass of iron chloride is_........

The structure of one molecule of a compound is shown in Figure 10.

What is the molecular formula of the compound in Figure 10?

The compound in Figure 10 is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.

State why the compound is described as an unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Many molecules of the compound in Figure 10 combine to form substance Y. Figure 11 shows part of a molecule of substance Y.

H H H H H H H H

Figure 11

What type of substance is Y?

One molecule of the compound in Figure 10 has a mass of 6.9810^–23g.

64 800 of these molecules combine to form one molecule of Y.

Calculate the mass of this molecule of Y in g.

*(d) Alkanes can be burned in air. Different products can be formed as the combustion of alkanes can be complete or incomplete.

An investigation was carried out to compare the energy released when the first four alkanes in the homologous series were burned. Equal amounts of these alkanes were burned to heat 100 cm³ of water. The temperature change for each alkane is shown in Figure 12.

Discuss the complete and incomplete combustion of these alkanes and the trend in the energy changes they produced.

You should give word equations in your answer.

A student used the apparatus in Figure 13 to investigate the rate of the reaction between a metal and dilute hydrochloric acid.

Pieces of the metal were placed in dilute hydrochloric acid in the flask, and the total volume of gas produced was measured every minute.

Figure 14 shows a graph of the student’s results.

Name a piece of apparatus that would be better to measure the volume of gas produced, instead of the 250 cm³ measuring cylinder.

Give a reason for your answer.

name of apparatus

reason

Calculate the mean rate of production of hydrogen over the first 90 seconds, in cm³ per second.

rate =_........ cm³ per second

The student measured the volume of gas for 10 minutes.

State why the measurements could have been stopped at 9 minutes.

The experiment was repeated, but with acid of a higher concentration.

The rate of reaction was faster.

Explain why the rate of reaction increases when the concentration of acid is increased.

Another student suggests four other ways of increasing the rate of this reaction.

Which one is correct?

The apparatus in Figure 13 can be used to measure the rate of the reaction between marble chips and hydrochloric acid.

The student needs different sized marble chips.

Describe how the student can make small and medium sized marble chips from large chips.

This question is about gases.

When sodium is added to water, hydrogen gas is produced.

Which observation shows that a gas has been produced?

Some damp litmus paper is placed in a gas. The litmus paper is bleached.

Which gas bleaches damp litmus paper?

When calcium carbonate is heated it decomposes.

When 5.000 g of calcium carbonate is heated, the mass of solid remaining is 2.800 g.

Calculate the mass of carbon dioxide that has been released.

Give your answer to three significant figures.

A diagram of an atom of helium is shown in Figure 15.

Explain, using Figure 15, why helium is inert.

Helium is used to fill balloons.

State one property of helium, apart from it being inert, that makes it suitable for filling balloons.

*(e) Figure 16 shows the relative amounts of three gases in the early atmosphere compared to the composition of today’s atmosphere.

Natural processes and human activities have altered the relative amounts of these gases in the atmosphere.

Explain how the relative amount of each of the gases in Figure 16 has increased or decreased over time.

Some acids are used in tests for ions.

A bottle of one acid is shown in Figure 17.

The acid in Figure 17 can be used in the test for carbonate ions.

Explain, giving the name of the hazard symbol shown, what safety precautions should be taken when using this acid.

Give the name of the acid shown in Figure 17.

State a property of glass that makes it a suitable material to make the container for an acid.

A teacher conducts a flame test to identify the metal ions in some unknown solids.

step 1 dip a flame test wire into hydrochloric acid

step 2 dip the flame test wire into the unknown solid

step 3 hold the flame test wire above a Bunsen burner flame

This method did not work well.

Explain an improvement that needs to be made to step 3 to enable a bright flame colour to be produced.

Figure 18 shows the results of the flame tests on three compounds, P, Q and R.

Use Figure 18 to identify the metal ions in compounds P, Q and R.

A flame photometer was used to analyse samples of a solution of metal ions.

Each sample was treated with 5.00 cm³ of dilute hydrochloric acid. 1.00 dm³ of the acid contained 219 g of hydrogen chloride.

Calculate the mass of hydrogen chloride in the acid used to test 20 samples.