OCR GCSE Chemistry B (21st Century) Paper 1 June 2022 question paper

Earth’s early atmosphere contained mostly carbon dioxide and water vapour.

As the Earth cooled, water vapour turned to liquid water and the oceans formed.

Complete the sentence to explain why the oceans formed.

The oceans formed because the water vapour boiled / condensed / evaporated / froze

Gradually, plants began to grow on the Earth.

Complete the sentences to describe how an oxygen-rich atmosphere has developed over time.

Use words from the list.

carbon dioxide combustion methane nitrogen photosynthesis

Plants make oxygen in a process called........

This process uses a gas called........

The graph shows how the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has changed over time.

Describe how the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has changed over the last 300 million years.

Use data from the graph in your answer.

State the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere 200 million years ago.

400 million years ago there was 0.28% carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Today there is 0.04%.

Calculate how many times more carbon dioxide there was 400 million years ago compared with today.

There was........ times more carbon dioxide 400 million years ago.

Complete the sentence to describe how Mendeleev placed elements in the Periodic Table.

Use words from the list.

atomic colour molecular properties size

Mendeleev organised the elements based on their........ and their relative

........ masses.

Table 2.1 shows the properties of some elements.

Which two elements in Table 2.1 are metals?

Which column in Table 2.1 did you use to work out your answer to (b)(i) ?

The elements in Table 2.1 are all solids at room temperature (25 °C).

How does the data in the table show that this is true?

What does atomic number tell you about the nucleus of an atom?

Iodine and chlorine are halogens in Group 17 (Group 7).

Draw lines to connect each halogen with its correct appearance at room temperature (25 °C).

Halogen Appearance

Sodium iodide solution reacts with chlorine.

Complete the word equation for this reaction.

3 ‘Cool packs’ containing ammonium nitrate are used to treat sports injuries.

Ammonium nitrate absorbs energy when it dissolves in water. The temperature of the water falls.

Which energy level diagram shows the energy change when ammonium nitrate dissolves in water?

Tick (✓) one box.

Which label should be used for the product of the dissolving process?

Tick (✓) one box.

Which word describes this dissolving process?

Tick (✓) one box.

Eve has some solid ammonium nitrate.

Describe the experiment Eve can do to find out how far the temperature of the water falls when solid ammonium nitrate dissolves in water.

Crude oil contains many alkanes. The table shows some of these alkanes:

The graph shows how boiling point changes with relative formula mass for three of the

Plot the point for decane on the graph.

Draw a line of best fit.

The relative formula mass of C₉H₂₀ is 128.

Use the graph to estimate the boiling point of C₉H₂₀.

The general formula of alkanes is C_nH_2n+2. Pentane has five carbon atoms.

State the formula of pentane.

Complete the word equation for the reaction when pentane burns completely in oxygen.

What is the simplest ratio of carbon atoms to hydrogen atoms in ethane (C₂H₆)?

Simplest ratio of carbon atoms: hydrogen atoms =........:........

State the empirical formula of ethane (C₂H₆).

Empirical formula........

Complete the sentences to describe C–C bonds.

Use words from the list.

covalent given ionic shared

C–C bonds are........

The electrons between the carbon atoms are........

Ethanol, C₂H₅OH can be made from crude oil.

Why is the OH group in ethanol called the functional group ?

Tick (✓) one box.

This question is about the reactivity of metals.

Magnesium reacts with iron sulfide.

The formula for iron sulfide is FeS. The formula for magnesium sulfide is MgS.

Write a balanced symbol equation for this reaction.

How does this reaction show that magnesium is above iron in the reactivity series?

Complete the sentences about the reactivity of metals with acids.

Use words from the list.

electrons protons quickly slowly

Metals higher in the reactivity series react with acids more........

This is because they form positive ions more easily by losing........

Iron ore contains iron oxide. Iron ore reacts with carbon to make iron. This is a word equation for the reaction:

Which statement describes this reaction?

Tick (✓) one box.

160 g of iron oxide makes 112 g of iron.

Calculate the mass of iron in 100 g of iron oxide.

Iron is used to make steel.

Complete the sentences about steel.

Use words from the list.

alloys aluminium carbon ceramics polymers

Steel contains atoms of iron and …………………………..

Steel is an example of materials known as …………………………...

The main disadvantage of using steel is that it rusts.

Complete the sentences about rusting.

Use words from the list.

barrier carbon dioxide nitrogen reduction solution water

Steel rusts when it reacts with oxygen and........

Rusting can be prevented by covering the steel with grease,

which forms a........

Used steel is collected and recycled.

Which statements about recycling are advantages and which are disadvantages?

Tick (✓) one box in each row.

Jack adds the same volume of dilute sulfuric acid to three different samples of solid zinc carbonate.

Complete the sentence.

The gas made when the reaction fizzes is called carbon........

Here are Jack’s results:

Jack looks at his results from Experiment 1 and Experiment 2.

How do the results of these two experiments show that the powder reacts faster than the lumps?

Explain why the powder reacts faster than the lumps.

Use ideas about particles in your answer.

What is the most likely time taken for Experiment 3 ?

Tick (✓) one box.

At the end of Experiment 2, the mixture formed contains a solution of zinc sulfate with some unreacted solid zinc carbonate.

Jack filters the mixture to remove the unreacted solid zinc carbonate.

Describe how Jack can obtain a sample of zinc sulfate crystals from the solution.

Jack makes 6.6 g of zinc sulfate. He calculates that he should have made 9.8 g.

Calculate the percentage yield.

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

Sara compares two drain cleaners called ‘Drainclear’ and ‘Noblock’. Both drain cleaners contain a solution of sodium hydroxide.

Sara titrates the same volume of each drain cleaner with the same concentration of dilute hydrochloric acid.

Which word describes the reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid?

Tick (✓) one box.

This is a diagram of Sara’s apparatus:

This is Sara’s method:

• Put 25.0 cm³ of drain cleaner into the flask.

• Add an indicator to the drain cleaner.

Write down the next two steps of Sara’s method to get to the end-point of the titration.

Calculate the missing titration result for Noblock.

Look at the mean volume of hydrochloric acid used for each drain cleaner.

What can you conclude about the amount of sodium hydroxide in Drainclear and Noblock?

Give one reason for your answer.

Conclusion........

Reason........

When molten compounds are electrolysed:

• the metal is made at the negative electrode

• the non-metal is made at the positive electrode.

State what is made at each electrode when molten aluminium oxide is electrolysed.

Negative electrode........

Positive electrode........

Nina electrolyses sodium chloride solution, using inert (unreactive) electrodes.

Draw a line to connect the box labelled electrode with the correct part of the diagram.

Explain why Nina places a measuring cylinder containing sodium chloride solution over each electrode.

Sodium is not made at the negative electrode when sodium chloride solution is electrolysed.

Name the gas made at the negative electrode.

Jamal has a sample of copper sulfate crystals.

The copper sulfate crystals have been accidentally mixed with graphite powder. Graphite is a form of carbon.

Jamal dissolves the sample of copper sulfate crystals in water.

Complete the sentence to explain why graphite can be separated by filtering it out.

Use one word from the list.

aqueous insoluble non-aqueous soluble

Graphite can be separated by filtering it out because graphite is........ in water.

Jamal is using mixtures and pure substances.

Complete Table 10.1 to identify which are mixtures and which are pure substances.

Tick (✓) one box in each row.

Table 10.2 shows two tests Jamal does on the copper sulfate solution:

Complete the results in Table 10.2 by writing what Jamal sees when he does the tests.

Mia investigates the rate of reaction when zinc reacts with dilute sulfuric acid. She adds zinc pieces to dilute sulfuric acid at room temperature.

Fig. 11.1 shows the apparatus she uses:

Complete the symbol equation for the reaction.

Include a state symbol.

Mia measures the volume of gas in the gas syringe every two minutes.

Fig. 11.2 shows a graph of her results:

Calculate the rate of reaction during the first minute, using Fig. 11.2.

Give your answer in cm³ / s.

Rate of reaction =........ cm³ / s

Explain why the mass of the flask and its contents decreases during the reaction.

Mia repeats the experiment at the same temperature. She adds a few drops of blue copper sulfate.

Her results show that:

• more gas is produced in the first minute, than in the first experiment.

• the blue colour changes to colourless during the reaction.

Mia makes a statement about the results:

How do the results support Mia’s statement?

Explain your answer.

Mia repeats the experiment at a higher temperature.

Which statements explain why the reaction is faster at a higher temperature?

Tick (✓) two boxes.

Complete the table by adding the two missing properties of clay ceramics.

Layla has three different water jugs. The jugs are made from aluminium, poly(ethene) and pottery (clay ceramic).

Draw lines to connect each material with its correct property.

Material
Property of jug

Poly(ethene) is made from ethene.

Complete the equation by drawing the structure of the repeating unit of poly(ethene).

Genes are made from the natural polymer DNA.

Which monomers make DNA?

Tick (✓) one box.