OCR GCSE Chemistry B (21st Century) Paper 1 June 2024 question paper

Fuels such as diesel and petrol are made from hydrocarbons.

(a)

(a)(i)

Hydrocarbons are made from carbon and one other element.

What is the other element?

$Question 1, shown as an image$

Chlorine Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen

[1]

Answer

(a)(ii)

What is the main source of hydrocarbons?

[1]

Answer

(b)

Alkanes are hydrocarbons.

Which compound is an alkane?

Tick (✓) one box.

$Question 1, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

(c)

Alkenes are also hydrocarbons. They can be used to make polymers.

Which statements about polymers are true and which are false ?

Tick (✓) one box in each row.

[2]

Answer

(d)

Ethene is the monomer used to make a polymer called poly(ethene).

Fig. 1.1 shows the structure of ethene.

(d)(i)

Complete the diagram below to show the repeating unit of poly(ethene).

C C

[2]

Answer

(d)(ii)

Describe what happens when ethene monomers react together to form poly(ethene).

[2]

Answer

Lithium is an element in Group 1 of the Periodic Table.

(a)

(a)(i)

Describe one physical property of lithium.

[1]

Answer

(a)(ii)

Complete the diagram to show the arrangement of electrons in an atom of lithium.

Use the Periodic Table.

[2]

Answer

(b)

Lithium reacts with water to form an alkaline solution and hydrogen gas.

Complete the word equation and balanced symbol equation for the reaction.

Include state symbols on the symbol equation.

$Question 2, shown as an image$

[4]

Answer

(c)

The reaction between lithium and water is exothermic.

(c)(i)

Describe what happens to the temperature during the reaction.

[1]

Answer

(c)(ii)

The diagram shows the reaction profile for an exothermic reaction.

Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the activation energy.

$Question 2, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

(c)(iii)

What is meant by the term activation energy?

[1]

Answer

As the world population increases, the demand for safe drinking water also increases.

(a)

(a)(i)

In Process 1 large solid items such as leaves or plastic are removed from the groundwater.

Name Process 1.

[1]

Answer

(a)(ii)

In Process 4, chlorine is used to kill microorganisms.

Describe a test and the result to identify chlorine.

Test........

Result........

[3]

Answer

(b)

A student removes some impurities from a sample of groundwater.

The diagram shows some of the apparatus they use.

(b)(i)

Complete the labels on the diagram.

[1]

Answer

(b)(ii)

Describe how the student uses the apparatus to remove some impurities from the groundwater.

[2]

Answer

(a)

What type of material is steel?

Tick (✓) one box.

$Question 4, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

(b)

Explain why the engineer decides to use acrylic to make the chopping board.

Use information from the table.

[2]

Answer

(c)

(c)(i)

How many times bigger is the tensile strength of acrylic than the tensile strength of glass?

[1]

Answer

(c)(ii)

What is the order of magnitude of this increase?

$Question 4, shown as an image$

1 2 3 4

[1]

Answer

Sulfur dioxide reacts with oxygen to give sulfur trioxide.

This is the equation for the reaction:

$Question 5, shown as an image$

(a)

(a)(i)

How does the equation show that the reaction is reversible?

[1]

Answer

(a)(ii)

The reaction reaches a dynamic equilibrium.

Complete the sentence about a dynamic equilibrium.

$Question 5, shown as an image$

In a dynamic equilibrium, the rate of the forward reaction is faster than / slower than / the same as the rate of the reverse reaction.

[1]

Answer

(a)(iii)

The reaction needs a catalyst to form the product.

Which of these is a property of a catalyst?

Tick (✓) one box.

$Question 5, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

(b)

Sulfur dioxide is an air pollutant.

Sulfur dioxide is released when cars burn fuel that contains sulfur.

The graph shows the amount of sulfur dioxide released from cars from 1970 to 2020.

(b)(i)

Describe the pattern in changes to the amount of sulfur dioxide emissions from cars from 1970 to 2020.

[2]

Answer

(b)(ii)

Which year was the most sulfur dioxide released?

[1]

Answer

(b)(iii)

State one environmental problem caused by an increase in the amount of sulfur dioxide.

[1]

Answer

(b)(iv)

State one method used to reduce the amount of sulfur dioxide emissions from cars.

[1]

Answer

A student does a titration to find out the volume of dilute hydrochloric acid needed to fully react with sodium hydroxide solution.

The diagram shows the apparatus they used.

(a)

The equation shows the reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid.

$Question 6, shown as an image$

(a)(i)

What type of reaction occurs when sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid?

[1]

Answer

(a)(ii)

Name the salt formed in the reaction.

[1]

Answer

(b)

The table shows the results.

	1	Titration 2	3
Burette reading at end (cm³)	37.2	37.4	37.2
Burette reading at start (cm³)		0.9	0.8
Volume added (cm³)	36.6	36.5	36.4

(b)(i)

[1]

Answer

(b)(ii)

Calculate the mean volume added for the three titrations.

[2]

Answer

(b)(iii)

Explain why an indicator must be used in the titration.

[2]

Answer

(b)(iv)

Describe one way the student can make sure that the burette readings are as accurate as possible.

[1]

Answer

The modern model of the atom has developed over time.

(a)

The table shows the ideas of three scientists.

(a)(i)

Complete the table to show the name of the scientist who had the idea that all matter is made up of atoms.

Scientist	Year	Idea
.................................	1803	All matter is made of tiny particles called atoms.
Thomson	1897	An atom contains negatively charged particles called electrons.
Rutherford	1909	Atoms have a central positive nucleus.

[1]

Answer

(a)(ii)

What is the name of the atomic model proposed by Thomson ?

Tick (✓) one box.

$Question 7, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

(b)

In 1913, Bohr discovered that electrons move around the nucleus of an atom in orbits.

What are these orbits called?

[1]

Answer

This question is about transition metals.

(a)

Iron reacts with oxygen to form iron oxide, Fe₂O₃.

(a)(i)

Complete the balanced symbol equation for the formation of Fe₂O₃.

$Question 8, shown as an image$

[2]

Answer

(a)(ii)

What is the symbol for the positive ion in Fe₂O₃?

Tick (✓) one box.

$Question 8, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

(b)

[3]

Answer

(c)

The equation shows the reaction between iron and chlorine to form iron chloride.

$Question 8, shown as an image$

A scientist reacts 2.0 g of iron with excess chlorine to form 4.4 g of iron chloride.

Calculate the percentage yield of iron chloride.

Use:

$Question 8, shown as an image$

• theoretical yield = 5.8 g.

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

[3]

Answer

(a)

The table shows some information about diamond and water.

(a)(i)

The information in the table shows that simple molecules have weak intermolecular forces between molecules.

Explain why.

[2]

Answer

(a)(ii)

Describe the nature and arrangement of chemical bonds in diamond.

[2]

Answer

(a)(iii)

Complete the dot and cross diagram for water.

Atomic numbers: H = 1 O = 8

[2]

Answer

(b)

Diamond and graphite are different forms of carbon.

Fig. 9.1 shows their structures.

Diamond Graphite

(b)(i)

Graphite is a good conductor of electricity.

Use the structures to explain why.

[2]

Answer

(b)(ii)

Glass can be cut by diamond but not by graphite.

Use the structures to explain why.

[2]

Answer

(c)

Buckminsterfullerene is a nanoparticle made of 60 carbon atoms.

Fig. 9.2 shows the structure of Buckminsterfullerene.

(c)(i)

[1]

Answer

(c)(ii)

Buckminsterfullerene is used in medicine to carry drugs into the body.

Describe two properties of buckminsterfullerene that make it able to carry drugs into the body.

[2]

Answer

Fertilisers are used to increase the growth of plants.

They are added to soil to provide essential plant nutrient elements.

(a)

Nitrogen is one essential plant nutrient element.

Name two other essential plant nutrient elements.

[2]

Answer

(b)

(b)(i)

State one disadvantage of the over-use of synthetic fertilisers.

[1]

Answer

(b)(ii)

Suggest why farmers still use synthetic fertilisers despite their disadvantages.

[1]

Answer

(c)

[4]

Answer

Sodium chloride is an ionic compound.

(a)

(a)(i)

Describe the attraction between ions in sodium chloride.

[2]

Answer

(a)(ii)

Which two statements about the limitations of the models in Fig. 11.1 are true ?

Tick (✓) two boxes.

$Question 11, shown as an image$

None of the models show that sodium chloride is a compound containing two elements.

Only one model shows that a chloride ion is an anion.

[2]

Answer

(a)(iii)

Fig. 11.2 shows the dot and cross diagram for sodium chloride.

Complete Fig. 11.2 to show the structure and charge of the chloride ion.

Fig. 11.2

Sodium atom
Chlorine atom
Sodium ion
Chloride ion

[2]

Answer

(b)

How does the arrangement of electrons in atoms of sodium and chlorine relate to their group and period in the Periodic Table?

[2]

Answer

(c)

An atom of sodium has an atomic number of 11 and a mass number of 23.

State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in a sodium atom.

[2]

Answer

OCR J258 · Paper 1

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Question 7

Question 8

Question 9

Question 10

Question 11