OCR GCSE Chemistry A (Gateway) Paper 1 Foundation November 2021 question paper J248/01

1h 45m 90 marks

23 questions

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Which of these particles has a positive charge?

A Atom

B Electron

C Neutron

D Proton

$Question 1, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

Which change of state is described by the term freezing ?

A Gas to liquid

B Liquid to gas

C Liquid to solid

D Solid to liquid

$Question 2, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

A student measures the pH of a solution and finds that the pH is 5.

Which of these statements is correct?

A The solution is a strong acid.

B The solution is a weak acid.

C The solution is alkaline.

D The solution is neutral.

$Question 3, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

Which statement describes a chemical change?

A Acid being neutralised

B Ice melting

C Salt dissolving in water

D Water boiling

$Question 4, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

What is the mass number of an atom?

A The total number of neutrons and electrons in an atom.

B The total number of protons and electrons in an atom.

C The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

D The total number of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom.

$Question 5, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

The structure of poly(ethene) is shown.

Which type of structure does poly(ethene) have?

A Giant covalent

B Ionic

C Metal

D Polymer

$Question 6, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

Steel is a mixture of iron and carbon.

What is the name of this type of mixture?

A Alloy

B Ion

C Isotope

D Molecule

$Question 7, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

Fractional distillation is used to separate mixtures, such as crude oil.

Which statement about fractional distillation is correct?

A Fractional distillation causes a chemical change.

B Fractional distillation separates mixtures of solids.

C Fractions are separated based on their boiling point.

D The fractional distillation column is hottest at the top.

$Question 8, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

Which statement about the melting point of a substance is correct?

A A pure substance has a sharp melting point.

B A pure substance melts over a range of temperatures.

C The melting point of an impure substance is higher than a pure substance.

D The melting point of a pure substance is higher than the boiling point.

$Question 9, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

Which statement describes the bonding in iron ?

A Cross-links between the chains are strong.

B Electrons are shared between atoms.

C Electrons are transferred between atoms, forming ions.

D Positive ions are surrounded by a “sea” of delocalised electrons.

$Question 10, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

The melting point of iodine is 114 °C. The boiling point of iodine is 184 °C.

What is the state of iodine at room temperature?

A Aqueous

B Gas

C Liquid

D Solid

$Question 11, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

Molten lead bromide, PbBr₂, is electrolysed.

Which substance is formed at the cathode ?

A Bromine

B Hydrogen

C Lead

D Oxygen

$Question 12, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

Which substance has covalent bonding?

A Aluminium

B Carbon dioxide

C Magnesium

D Sodium chloride

$Question 13, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

Quantum dots are a type of nanoparticle. Quantum dots can have a diameter of 6 nm.

What is 6 nm in metres?

$Question 14, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

Butane is a hydrocarbon. The displayed formula of butane is shown.

What is the empirical formula of butane?

A CH

B CH₂

C C₂H₅

D C₄H₁₀

$Question 15, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

A student investigates the reaction between acids and metals.

Table 16.1 shows the names and formulae of the acids and metals the student investigates.

(a)

Complete Table 16.1.

[2]

Answer

(b)

Zinc reacts with nitric acid. Look at the balanced symbol equation for the reaction.

$Question 16, shown as an image$

What physical state does (aq) represent?

[1]

Answer

(c)

The student investigates the reaction between zinc metal and nitric acid.

The diagram shows the apparatus the student uses.

(c)(i)

The student uses the balance to record the change in mass during the reaction.

The mass decreases. Explain why.

[2]

Answer

(c)(ii)

Table 16.2 shows the student’s results.

Plot the results from Table 16.2 on the graph and draw a line of best fit.

The first three points have been plotted for you.

[2]

Answer

(c)(iii)

Use your graph to estimate the decrease in mass at 60 seconds.

[1]

Answer

(d)

The student does four experiments.

They record the decrease in mass after 120 seconds.

Table 16.3 shows their results.

(d)(i)

The student notices that one of the results is anomalous.

$Question 16, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

(d)(ii)

[3]

Answer

Mendeleev developed an early version of the Periodic Table.

Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of increasing relative atomic mass.

He thought that some elements were in the wrong order. He swapped the position of these elements so that elements with similar properties were in the same group.

(a)

Explain why some elements appeared to be in the wrong order, when arranged by relative atomic mass.

[1]

Answer

(b)

Look at the Periodic Table provided on the data sheet.

Write down the symbols of two elements that are not arranged in order of increasing relative atomic mass.

[1]

Answer

(c)

(c)(i)

Which element, J, Q, X, or Z, is an unreactive gas with a full outer shell of electrons?

Tick (✓) one box.

$Question 17, shown as an image$

Explain your answer.

[2]

Answer

(c)(ii)

Which element, J, Q, X or Z, is a shiny element that forms positive ions?

Tick (✓) one box.

$Question 17, shown as an image$

Explain your answer.

[2]

Answer

A scientist uses thin layer chromatography to investigate some samples.

The scientist wants to check if the samples contain the same compounds.

(a)

Fig. 18.1 shows the apparatus the scientist uses.

(a)(i)

What could be used as the mobile phase in the experiment?

[1]

Answer

(a)(ii)

Why does the scientist put a lid on top of the beaker?

[1]

Answer

(b)

(b)(i)

Is the scientist correct?

Explain your answer.

[2]

Answer

(b)(ii)

Explain what is meant by a pure substance.

[1]

Answer

(b)(iii)

Which two samples contain the same mixture of chemicals?

Tick (✓) two boxes.

$Question 18, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

(c)

Another scientist is investigating the formulation of a medicine.

The scientist uses gas chromatography to calculate the amount of three compounds in the medicine.

The results are shown in the table.

	Active ingredient	Lactose	Starch
Mass (g)	0.50	0.45	0.16

(c)(i)

Calculate the percentage of lactose in the medicine.

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

[3]

Answer

(c)(ii)

The scientist tests some samples to determine whether they have the same formulation as the medicine.

The graph shows their results.

[1]

Answer

(c)(iii)

Why does the scientist use gas chromatography, instead of thin layer chromatography, in this investigation?

[1]

Answer

Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, reacts with sulfuric acid, H₂SO₄, in a neutralisation reaction.

(a)

Table 19.1 shows the cations and anions in solutions of sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid.

Complete Table 19.1 to show the ions in solutions of sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid.

[2]

Answer

(b)

A student investigates the neutralisation reaction.

The diagram shows the apparatus the student uses.

(b)(i)

The student repeats the experiment and stops the reaction at a neutral pH.

The student thinks the solution in the conical flask contains more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions.

Is the student correct?

Explain your answer.

[2]

Answer

(b)(ii)

The student repeats the reaction and stops the reaction at a neutral pH.

Write down what you would see when taking the pH of a neutral solution, using a pH probe and universal indicator.

pH probe reading........

Universal indicator........

[2]

Answer

(c)

[2]

Answer

(d)

The student repeats the experiment using solutions of three different acids. Table 19.2 shows their results.

The concentration of sodium hydroxide solution used is the same each time.

Which of the acid solutions, X, Y or Z, has the lowest pH at the start of the experiment?

[1]

Answer

Nanoparticles can be used as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.

Some information about three nanoparticle catalysts is shown in the table.

Nanoparticle	Surface area to volume ratio	Length (nm)
A	5.0	22
B	0.5	13
C	2.5	48

(a)

Which nanoparticle will be the best catalyst? Give a reason for your answer.

Nanoparticle........

Reason........

[2]

Answer

(b)

Another nanoparticle D is cube shaped. The sides are 2 nm in length.

(b)(i)

Calculate the surface area of nanoparticle D.

[2]

Answer

(b)(ii)

[2]

Answer

(c)

It is possible to use nanoparticles to transport medication inside the body.

Explain why nanoparticles are not yet widely used for this purpose.

[1]

Answer

Molecules can be shown using different diagrams or models.

The table shows a diagram and a model of ammonia, NH₃.

(a)

* Describe the advantages and limitations of these two different ways of showing a molecule of ammonia.

[6]

Answer

(b)

Dot and cross diagrams can also be used to show ionic compounds.

Lithium fluoride, LiF, is an ionic compound.

• The electronic structure of a lithium atom is 2.1.

• The electronic structure of a fluorine atom is 2.7.

Complete the dot and cross diagram to show the ions in lithium fluoride.

[2]

Answer

(c)

Lithium fluoride is a solid at room temperature.

Describe how particles are arranged in a solid.

[2]

Answer

(d)

Which statements about lithium fluoride are correct?

Tick (✓) two boxes.

$Question 21, shown as an image$

[2]

Answer

The table shows carbon can exist as several different structures called allotropes.

Allotrope	Covalent bonds
Diamond	.....................
Graphite	.....................
Graphene	3

(a)

Complete the table to show how many covalent bonds carbon forms in these allotropes.

[2]

Answer

(b)(i)

Diamond can be used as a cutting tool because it is so hard.

Explain why diamond is so hard.

Use ideas about structure and bonding in diamond in your answer.

[2]

Answer

(b)(ii)

Graphite can be used as a lubricant because it is slippery.

Explain why graphite is slippery.

Use ideas about structure and bonding in graphite in your answer.

[2]

Answer

(c)

Explain why carbon forms many other compounds. Use ideas about the bonding in carbon compounds in your answer.

[2]

Answer

The table shows information about some properties of four substances.

Substance	Melting point (°C)	Boiling point (°C)	Solubility in water	Does the substance conduct electricity?
M	-98	65	Soluble	No
N	-114	78	Soluble	No
O	661	1304	Soluble	Only when molten or dissolved
P	1085	2562	Insoluble	Yes

(a)

Which diagram shows the apparatus that should be used to separate a mixture of substance M and substance N ? Tick (✓) one box.

[1]

Answer

(b)(i)

Describe a method that could be used to separate a mixture of substance O and substance P to obtain pure samples.

[3]

Answer

(b)(ii)

A student separates substance O from a mixture.

They start with 6.2 g of the mixture and obtain 2.6 g of pure substance O.

Calculate the mass of pure substance O that could be separated from 10.0 g of the mixture.

Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

[3]

Answer

(c)

Draw lines to connect each substance with its correct type of structure and bonding.

[3]

Answer

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OCR J248 · Paper 1

Question 1

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Question 6

Question 7

Question 8

Question 9

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