OCR GCSE Chemistry A (Gateway) Paper 2 Foundation November 2021 question paper J248/02

1h 45m 90 marks

22 questions

Report a problem

Question

What is wrong?

Text or a picture is cut off or split Something on the paper is not here The text does not read properly The marks are wrong Something else

Goes to whoever maintains the question split. No account needed and nothing is published on this page.

The burning of fossil fuels can produce gases that cause acid rain.

Which gas causes acid rain?

A Carbon monoxide

B Nitrogen

C Oxygen

D Sulfur dioxide

$Question 1, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

The diagram shows the copper wires in a plug.

A Copper conducts electricity.

B Copper conducts heat.

C Copper is hard.

D Copper reacts only slowly with water.

$Question 2, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

Which metal ion gives a lilac colour in a flame test?

A Copper

B Lithium

C Potassium

D Sodium

$Question 3, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

Look at the diagram of a titration experiment.

What is the name of apparatus X ?

A Burette

B Conical flask

C Gas syringe

D Pipette

$Question 4, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

[1]

Answer

The Earth’s early atmosphere was mostly carbon dioxide gas.

The Earth’s atmosphere now contains only about 0.04% carbon dioxide gas.

Which process decreased the amount of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s early atmosphere?

A Burning hydrogen

B Carbon dioxide absorbing the Sun’s energy

C Carbon dioxide dissolving in oceans

D Volcanic emissions

$Question 6, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

Crude oil is separated into fractions by fractional distillation.

Look at the diagram of the fractions made in fractional distillation.

Which of these fractions has the smallest molecules?

A Bitumen

B Diesel oil

C Gases

D Petrol

$Question 7, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

Transition metals have properties that are different from other metals in the Periodic Table.

Copper is a transition metal.

Which of the following describes copper?

A A metal which forms blue compounds.

B A metal which reacts violently with water.

C A metal with a low density that floats on water.

D A metal with a low melting point.

$Question 8, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

A chemical cell has a voltage of 1.50 V.

What will the voltage be once the reactants are used up?

A 0.00 V

B 0.75 V

C 1.50 V

D 3.00 V

$Question 9, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

Copper carbonate, CuCO₃, decomposes when heated. Copper oxide, CuO, and carbon dioxide gas are made.

$Question 10, shown as an image$

12.4 g of copper carbonate decomposes to make 8.0 g of copper oxide.

How much carbon dioxide gas is made?

A 1.55 g

B 4.4 g

C 8.0 g

D 20.4 g

$Question 10, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

Propene gas is bubbled into bromine water.

What happens to the colour of the bromine water?

A Changes from colourless to orange

B Changes from orange to colourless

C Stays colourless

D Stays orange

$Question 11, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

Sodium reacts with fluorine to form sodium fluoride.

What is the correctly balanced symbol equation for this reaction?

$Question 12, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

Look at the results of a titration experiment.

	Titration 1 (rough)	Titration 2	Titration 3	Titration 4
Volume of acid used (cm₃)	26.00	25.20	25.50	25.60

What is the accurate average volume of acid used in the titration?

25.35 cm³ A

25.43 cm³ B

25.55 cm³ C

25.58 cm³ D

$Question 13, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

Butene, pentene and hexene are alkenes. They are all members of the same homologous series.

Why are they members of the same homologous series?

A Their molecules differ by –CH₃.

B They have the same general formula.

C They have the same molecular formula.

D They have the same physical properties.

$Question 14, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

Butane is a hydrocarbon molecule with a low boiling point.

Which statement about butane is correct?

A Butane is a large molecule and has strong intermolecular forces.

B Butane is a large molecule and has weak intermolecular forces.

C Butane is a small molecule and has strong intermolecular forces.

D Butane is a small molecule and has weak intermolecular forces.

$Question 15, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

This question is about the elements in Group 1 of the Periodic Table.

(a)

Group 1 elements all react in a similar way.

Explain why.

[1]

Answer

(b)

Lithium, sodium and potassium are Group 1 elements.

They react with water.

Look at the table.

Group 1 element	Time for element to react completely (s)	Observations
Lithium	24	fizzes moves slowly on the surface of the water makes an alkaline solution
Potassium	6	fizzes vigorously and gas catches fire melts moves very quickly on the surface of the water makes an alkaline solution
Sodium	14	fizzes vigorously melts moves quickly on the surface of the water makes an alkaline solution

All three elements make the same gas when they react with water.

(b)(i)

What is the name of this gas?

[1]

Answer

(b)(ii)

How would you test for this gas?

[2]

Answer

(b)(iii)

* Rubidium is another Group 1 element. It is below potassium in Group 1 of the Periodic Table.

Predict what you will see and the reaction time when rubidium reacts with water.

Include an equation for the reaction.

[6]

Answer

This question is about some of the hydrocarbons found in crude oil.

Table 17.1 shows information about four hydrocarbons found in crude oil.

(a)

Ethane is a hydrocarbon.

What is meant by a hydrocarbon?

[2]

Answer

(b)

Look at the displayed formula for ethane.

Ethane is a saturated compound.

What is meant by a saturated compound?

[1]

Answer

(c)

Use the information in Table 17.1 to predict the boiling point of nonane.

[1]

Answer

(d)

Explain why a mixture of hexane, nonane and pentadecane can be separated by fractional distillation.

In your answer use information from Table 17.1 and ideas about intermolecular forces.

[3]

Answer

(e)

Nonane is one of the hydrocarbons found in aircraft fuel.

Nonane burns completely in a plentiful supply of oxygen.

Complete the balanced symbol equation by putting numbers on the dotted lines.

$Question 17, shown as an image$

[2]

Answer

(f)

Incomplete combustion of nonane makes carbon monoxide instead of carbon dioxide.

Describe and explain one problem caused by carbon monoxide.

[2]

Answer

Ammonia, NH₃, is made by the Haber process.

Look at the equation for the reaction.

$Question 18, shown as an image$

(a)

$Question 18, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

(b)

Fig. 18.1 shows the percentage of ammonia made at different temperatures and pressures.

(b)(i)

What is the percentage of ammonia made at 350 °C and 200 atmospheres ?

[1]

Answer

(b)(ii)

What temperature and pressure, shown on Fig. 18.1, make the highest percentage of ammonia?

Pressure =........ atmospheres

[1]

Answer

(c)

Ammonia reacts with nitric acid, HNO₃, to form the fertiliser ammonium nitrate, NH₄NO₃.

Write the balanced symbol equation for this reaction.

[1]

Answer

(d)

Ammonium sulfate is another fertiliser that is made using ammonia.

State the name of the acid that reacts with ammonia to form ammonium sulfate.

[1]

Answer

(e)

State one reason why farmers add fertilisers to soil.

[1]

Answer

(f)

Some fertilisers must be dissolved in water before farmers can add them to the soil.

Fig. 18.2 shows information about the solubility of three fertilisers at different water temperatures.

Which fertiliser is most soluble in water at 20 °C?

Tick (✓) one box.

$Question 18, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

(g)

A student makes some ammonium sulfate in the laboratory.

This is the method she uses:

• Pour 25 cm³ of dilute ammonia solution into a conical flask.

• Add 2–3 drops of methyl orange indicator.

• Add dilute acid from a burette until the reaction is complete.

(g)(i)

Explain how the student can make sure that the reaction is complete.

[1]

Answer

(g)(ii)

Ammonia solution releases small amounts of ammonia gas.

Ammonia is a colourless gas with a sharp, irritating smell.

Describe how to control one hazard when making ammonium sulfate.

[1]

Answer

(h)

Potassium nitrate, KNO₃, is another fertiliser.

Potassium nitrate is made by reacting potassium hydroxide, KOH, with nitric acid, HNO₃.

$Question 18, shown as an image$

Calculate the mass of potassium nitrate that can be made from 315 tonnes of nitric acid.

Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

(The relative atomic mass, A_r, of H is 1.0, of K is 39.1, of N is 14.0 and of O is 16.0).

Mass of potassium nitrate =........ tonnes

[4]

Answer

A student investigates the rate of reaction between marble chips and dilute hydrochloric acid.

The student measures the volume of carbon dioxide gas given off every 30 seconds.

Look at the apparatus they use.

(a)

Suggest a piece of apparatus that the student could use to measure the volume of carbon dioxide more accurately.

[1]

Answer

(b)

Describe the test for carbon dioxide gas.

[2]

Answer

(c)

The graph shows the student’s results.

(c)(i)

What is the time taken to make 23 cm³ of carbon dioxide? (i)

[1]

Answer

(c)(ii)

The student repeats the experiment. The only difference is they use larger marble chips.

Draw a line on the graph to show the results of this experiment.

[2]

Answer

(d)

The student made 0.073 g of carbon dioxide in their experiment.

They predicted that they should have made 0.088 g.

Calculate the percentage yield.

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

[3]

Answer

(e)

Another student investigates the effect of changing the temperature of the dilute hydrochloric acid on the rate of the reaction.

The table shows the student’s results.

Experiment	Temperature (°C)	Time for reaction to finish (s)
1	20	107
2	30	61
3	40	35
4	50	17

Describe and explain the effect of changing the temperature on the rate of the reaction.

Use the student’s results and the reacting particle model in your answer.

[3]

Answer

(a)

Which metal in the table would you use to make the aircraft wing?

Explain your answer. Use information from the table to help you.

Metal........

Explanation........

[4]

Answer

(b)

Aluminium can be made into an alloy called duralumin.

Which metal is mixed with aluminium to make duralumin?

[1]

Answer

(c)

Iron corrodes. This is called rusting.

A student does an experiment to find out what conditions are needed to cause an iron nail to rust.

Look at the diagram of their experiment.

They leave the tubes for one week.

Predict in which tube the iron nail will rust.

Explain your answer.

Tube........

Explanation........

[4]

Answer

(d)

Describe and explain one way to prevent an iron bridge from rusting.

[2]

Answer

(a)

Explain how the mass spectrum and the infrared spectrum show that the sample is ethanol, C₂H₅OH.

[3]

Answer

(b)

Mass spectrometry and infrared spectrometry are both examples of instrumental methods of analysis.

Describe two advantages of instrumental methods of analysis.

[2]

Answer

(c)

Ethanol, C₂H₅OH, burns in a plentiful supply of oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water.

This is an example of complete combustion.

(c)(i)

Write the balanced symbol equation for this reaction.

[2]

Answer

(c)(ii)

If there is a limited supply of oxygen, incomplete combustion will happen.

Describe a disadvantage of incomplete combustion.

[1]

Answer

(d)

Ethanol, C₂H₅OH, can be dehydrated to make ethene, C₂H₄.

$Question 21, shown as an image$

Calculate the atom economy for the production of ethene from ethanol.

(The relative formula mass, M_r, of C₂H₅OH is 46.0 and of C₂H₄ is 28.0).

[2]

Answer

A car manufacturer is designing a new car. They need to decide if the car will have a petrol engine or a diesel engine.

(a)

The car manufacturer carries out a life-cycle assessment for both types of car.

(a)(i)

Describe the purpose of a life-cycle assessment.

[1]

Answer

(a)(ii)

Describe two examples of data, other than waste products and pollution, that could be included in a life-cycle assessment.

[2]

Answer

(b)

The graphs show the air emission results of a life-cycle assessment for a petrol car and a diesel car.

(b)(i)

At which stage are the most oxides of nitrogen produced by the diesel car ?

Tick (✓) one box.

$Question 22, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

(b)(ii)

The car manufacturer estimates that a petrol car produces 29.8 tonnes of carbon dioxide over its lifetime.

A diesel car produces only 20.5 tonnes of carbon dioxide over its lifetime.

Use the graphs to calculate the mass, in tonnes, of carbon dioxide produced by the petrol car and the diesel car during vehicle operation.

Use your answers to calculate the difference, in tonnes, in the mass of carbon dioxide produced by the petrol car and the diesel car during vehicle operation.

Give your final answer to 2 significant figures.

Mass of carbon dioxide produced by the petrol car =........ tonnes

Mass of carbon dioxide produced by the diesel car =........ tonnes

Difference in mass of carbon dioxide =........ tonnes

[4]

Answer

The paper as printed

Spotted a mistake on this page?Report a problem

OCR J248 · Paper 2

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Question 7

Question 8

Question 9

Question 10

Question 11

Question 12

Question 13

Question 14

Question 15

Question 16

Question 17

Question 18

Question 19

Question 20

Question 21

Question 22