OCR GCSE Combined Science B (21st Century) Paper 2 June 2024 question paper

10 questions

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Question

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(a)

Table 1.1 shows information about some of the elements in the Periodic Table.

Table 1.1

Element	Atomic Number	Group Number	Period	Electron Configuration
........................	8	16(6)	2	2.6
Sodium	11	........................	........................	2.8.1
Chlorine	........................	17(7)	3	2.8.7
Calcium	20	2	4	........................

(a)(i)

Complete Table 1.1.

Use the Data Sheet.

[5]

Answer

(a)(ii)

[2]

Answer

(b)

Ionic compounds form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

A dot and cross diagram is a model used to show the formation of an ionic compound.

Complete the diagram to show the arrangement of electrons and the charge of the ions in calcium oxide.

[2]

Answer

(c)

Table 1.2 gives information about some other ionic compounds.

Table 1.2

Compound	Ions Present	Formula	Relative Formula Mass
...............................	Na⁺ and Cl^–	NaCl	58.5
Magnesium chloride	................................	MgCl₂	.......................................
...............................	Mg²⁺ and O^2–	................................	40.3

Complete Table 1.2.

Use these relative atomic masses: Mg = 24.3, C l = 35.5.

[5]

Answer

This question is about climate change.

(a)

(a)(i)

Complete the sentence to describe how the presence of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes an increase in global temperatures.

$Question 2, shown as an image$

Global warming occurs when infrared / ultra violet / visible radiation coming from

the Earth / the Sun / space is absorbed by carbon dioxide which prevents heat leaving

the atmosphere.

[2]

Answer

(a)(ii)

Name one other greenhouse gas.

[1]

Answer

(b)

One method to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is called carbon capture. Carbon dioxide from power stations is collected and buried deep underground.

State one other method to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

[1]

Answer

(c)

In 2002, scientists announced that they had made hydrocarbons from carbon dioxide using dilute acid.

Their next step was to have a peer review of their findings.

(c)(i)

Who carries out a peer review?

Tick (✓) one box.

$Question 2, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

(c)(ii)

Why is peer review important?

Tick (✓) one box.

$Question 2, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

A student investigates the reaction between zinc carbonate and dilute acids.

(a)

(a)(i)

Complete the balanced symbol equation for the reaction between solid zinc carbonate and dilute acid.

Include state symbols.

$Question 3, shown as an image$

[4]

Answer

(a)(ii)

Name the acid used and the salt formed in this reaction.

Acid........

Salt........

[2]

Answer

(b)

The student adds zinc carbonate to dilute acid in a conical flask. The flask is on a mass balance.

(b)(i)

Which statement explains what will happen to the reading on the mass balance as the reaction goes on?

Tick (✓) one box.

$Question 3, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

(b)(ii)

[2]

Answer

A student makes some blue crystals of copper sulfate. They add copper carbonate to sulfuric acid in a beaker until there is unreacted solid at the bottom of the container.

(a)

Why does the student add copper carbonate until there is unreacted solid?

Tick (✓) one box.

$Question 4, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

(b)

How can the student speed up the reaction?

Tick (✓) two boxes.

$Question 4, shown as an image$

[2]

Answer

(c)

Which stages of the method to produce blue crystals of copper sulfate are true and which are false ?

Tick (✓) one box in each row.

[3]

Answer

The arrangements of particles in solids, liquids and gases are shown.

Solid Liquid Gas

(a)

(a)(i)

Which descriptions about the states of matter are true and which are false ?

Tick (✓) one box in each row.

[2]

Answer

(a)(ii)

Describe what happens to the movement and arrangement of the particles when a solid is heated until it melts.

Movement........

Arrangement........

[2]

Answer

(b)

Mercury has a melting point of –39 maths symbol C and a boiling point of 357 C.

What is the state of mercury at 20 maths symbol C?

[1]

Answer

(c)

The melting point of a substance can be used to check its purity.

(c)(i)

What does a scientist mean by a pure substance?

Tick (✓) one box.

$Question 5, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

(c)(ii)

How does the melting point of a substance show if it is pure?

[1]

Answer

(d)

Chromatography can also be used to test for purity.

The diagram shows the apparatus used.

(d)(i)

Draw lines to connect each letter with its correct label.

[3]

Answer

(d)(ii)

How would the results of this experiment show that a substance was pure?

[1]

Answer

(d)(iii)

What step is needed if the substance being tested is colourless?

Tick (✓) one box.

$Question 5, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

[6]

Answer

Crude oil is mainly a mixture of hydrocarbons.

(a)

Define a hydrocarbon.

[1]

Answer

(b)

The hydrocarbons in crude oil are separated using fractional distillation.

The diagram shows a fractionating column.

$Question 7, shown as an image$

(b)(i)

Which property is used to separate hydrocarbons by fractional distillation?

$Question 7, shown as an image$

Boiling point Hardness Reactivity Solubility

[1]

Answer

(b)(ii)

Complete the sentences to explain how separation occurs in the fractionating column.

Use words from the list.

Atoms Cooler Condense Hotter Less

Molecules More Vapourise

The mixture of hydrocarbons is heated before entering the column which causes the

hydrocarbons to........

Smaller hydrocarbons reach the top of the column where it is........

The smaller hydrocarbons have weaker forces between........

This means they need........ energy to separate.

[4]

Answer

(c)

The hydrocarbons in crude oil are mostly alkanes. Alkanes all have the general formula:

C_nH_2n+2.

Larger hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller hydrocarbon molecules using cracking.

(c)(i)

Complete the equation to show the formula of the second product.

[1]

Answer

(c)(ii)

Explain why C₆H₁₂ is not an alkane.

[1]

Answer

(d)

[5]

Answer

The diagram shows the structure of a metal.

Electrons from outer shell of metal atoms

Metal ions

(a)

[3]

Answer

(b)

A student does some experiments to find the reactivities of some metals.

(b)(i)

In one experiment, they add a piece of zinc to a blue aqueous solution of copper ions. They see a reddish metal formed and the blue solution fades to colourless.

$Question 8, shown as an image$

Complete the sentence to explain how this reaction shows that zinc is more reactive than copper.

$Question 8, shown as an image$

Zinc is more reactive than copper because it gains / loses / shares electrons more easily than copper.

[1]

Answer

(b)(ii)

[2]

Answer

(c)

Another student plans an experiment to find the order of reactivity of some metals by adding dilute acid to the metals. The general equation for the reaction between a metal and an acid is:

$Question 8, shown as an image$

(c)(i)

How will the results of their experiment show the order of reactivity of the metals?

[2]

Answer

(c)(ii)

Suggest why this method of adding metals to acid is not suitable for finding the reactivity of all metals.

[1]

Answer

(c)(iii)

What is the test for hydrogen gas?

Tick (✓) one box.

$Question 8, shown as an image$

[1]

Answer

(a)

Table 9.1 shows the diameters of some particles.

Table 9.1

Particle	Diameter (m)
Carbon atom	1.54 × 10^–10
Fullerene molecule	1.10 × 10^–9
Silver atom	2.88 × 10^–10
Platinum nanoparticle	1.00 × 10^–8

(a)(i)

Which two particles have diameters with the same order of magnitude?

[1]

Answer

(a)(ii)

[2]

Answer

(b)

Nanoparticles make effective catalysts because they have a high surface area to volume ratio.

Table 9.2 shows the surface area to volume ratio of some different sized particles.

Table 9.2

	Nanoparticle	Particle of Fine Powder	Particle of Coarse Powder
Size of Particle (nm)	60	600	6000
Surface Area to Volume Ratio	0.1	0.01	0.001

Describe the relationship between the size of a particle and its surface area to volume ratio.

[2]

Answer

(c)

The nanoparticle shown is a cube. This nanoparticle has a volume of 1000 nm³.

NOT TO SCALE

Calculate the surface area of the nanoparticle.

Use the formula: surface area = 6 × (h × w)

[3]

Answer

A student is investigating the reaction between calcium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid.

$Question 10, shown as an image$

(a)

They want to find the temperature change during the reaction.

1 g masses of solid calcium hydroxide are added one by one to 50 cm³ of dilute hydrochloric acid in a plastic cup.

Describe two measurements the student needs to make and the apparatus needed to make the measurements.

[2]

Answer

(b)

The table shows the student’s results:

Mass of calcium hydroxide (g)	Temperature of hydrochloric acid (C)
0	22.0
1	29.5
2	37.0
3	44.5
4	52.0
5	59.5

Plot the results from the table on the graph.

Two points have already been plotted.

[2]

Answer

(c)

Draw a line of best fit.

[1]

Answer

(d)

Which relationship describes the graph?

$Question 10, shown as an image$

y = mx y = mx² y = mx + c y = mx – c

[1]

Answer

(e)

Calculate the change in temperature if 3.8 g of calcium hydroxide is added to the hydrochloric acid.

Use the graph.

Temperature change =........ maths symbol C

[2]

Answer

(f)

Calculate the change in thermal energy when 3.8 g of calcium hydroxide is added to 50 cm³ of (f) hydrochloric acid.

Use the formula:

Change in thermal energy (J) = 4.2 × temperature change ( maths symbol C) × mass of hydrochloric acid (g)

1 cm³ hydrochloric acid = 1.02 g

[3]

Answer

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OCR J260 · Paper 2

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Question 7

Question 8

Question 9

Question 10