Reducing the development gap

Identify which two of the following are historical factors that influence global inequality.

State one economic measure used in the Human Development Index (HDI).

Explain one disadvantage of top-down development strategies.

Study Figure 4 which shows data for the mean years of schooling and the fertility rate in selected countries in Africa.

Plot the data for Mali and Mauritius on Figure 4 using the information below.

Identify the number of countries with over 12 mean years of schooling.

Figure 4 shows that countries with more years of schooling usually have lower fertility rates.

Explain one reason for this relationship.

Study Figure 5 which shows the five stages of Rostow’s model.

Identify which two of the following statements best describe stage 5 of Rostow’s model.

Explain one way in which Frank’s dependency theory can be used to understand why some countries develop over time.

The destination of exported goods from Chile in 2020

Complete Figure 6 by using the information in the table below.

You have studied how an emerging country is developing.

Explain two ways globalisation has affected its trade (imports and exports).

Named emerging country

In this question, up to four additional marks will be awarded for your spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology.

You have studied how an emerging country is managing to develop.

Assess the reasons why there are differences in the level of development within this country.

Named emerging country

(Total for spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology = 4 marks)

Identify which one of the following is a social measure of development.

Explain one reason why maternal mortality rates differ between countries.

Study Figure 5 which shows the cities in India with the highest mean annual levels of air pollution (measured in PM2.5) in 2018.

Calculate the mean annual level of air pollution shown in Figure 5.

Answer to one decimal place.

You must show your working.

In 2018, the Chinese city of Sanya had a mean annual level of air pollution of 20 (PM2.5).

Calculate the ratio of the level of pollution between Sanya and Patna (120 PM2.5) (Figure 5).

Explain one way that rapid economic development has a positive impact on the environment.

Study Figure 6 which shows the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of five emerging countries in 1990 and 2019.

All figures are in trillions of US dollars (US$).

Calculate the increase in China’s GDP between 1990 and 2019.

Describe another data presentation technique that could be used to show the changes in GDP shown in Figure 6.

You may use a diagram in your answer.

Explain one way advances in communications have helped the economic development of a named emerging country.

Named emerging country:_........

Study Figure 7 which shows the population pyramid for South Sudan, a developing country in Africa.

Age groups Male Female

Identify which one of the following is the modal age group in South Sudan.

Suggest one way Figure 7 provides evidence that South Sudan is a developing country.

Explain two ways that the location of an emerging country you have studied has influenced its development.

Named emerging country:_........

Evaluate the importance of historical factors (colonialism and neo-colonialism) in the growth of global inequalities.

Identify which one of the following is a political measure of development.

Identify which one of the following is a definition of infant mortality rate.

year.

Study Figure 4, which shows GDP per capita (US$) and life expectancy (years) for South American countries.

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000

Brazil has a GDP per capita (US$) of 15,600 and a life expectancy (years) of 74.3.

Plot this data on Figure 4.

Calculate the range of the life expectancy in the countries of South America.

Show your workings.

Using Figure 4, draw a line of best fit.

Explain one reason why life expectancy often rises as the GDP per capita of a country increases.

Study Figure 5, which gives information about The Gambia, which is a country in Africa.

Using Figure 5, give one piece of economic or social evidence which suggests that The Gambia is a developing country.

Explain one reason why The Gambia’s climate may affect its development.

Explain how Frank’s dependency theory can be used to explain how countries such as The Gambia find it difficult to develop.

Study Figure 6, which shows the value of trade between the United States and its six most important trading partners from January to June 2017.

All figures are in billions of United States dollars (US$)

Figure 6

The total value of US export trade was 757.8 billion US$.

Calculate the percentage value of export trade with Canada.

Answer to one decimal place.

Show your working.

Describe another data presentation technique which could be used to show the destination of the USA’s exports.

For a named emerging country, explain two reasons why foreign direct investment (FDI) has changed since 1990.

Named emerging country

In this question, up to four additional marks will be awarded for your spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology.

* (e) For a named emerging country, assess the view that economic growth always has a negative impact upon the environment.

Named emerging or developing country

(Total for spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology = 4 marks)

Study Figure 5 which is a choropleth map showing an index of political corruption, 2016.

Identify which one of the following countries is the least corrupt.

Figure 5 is a choropleth map. State two disadvantages of this method of data presentation.

Suggest one way in which systems of governance can cause inequalities.

Analyse Figure 6a and Figure 6b which show the population pyramid of India for 2019 (Figure 6a) and the projected population pyramid for 2050 (Figure 6b).

Identify the age group with the highest population % in 2019.

Calculate the total percentage of young dependents (0 to 14) in 2050.

Compare these population pyramids.

Explain one disadvantage of intermediate technology.

Explain one way in which high levels of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) might benefit an emerging country.

Explain two negative impacts of the rapid economic development of an emerging country on different age groups.

In this question, up to four additional marks will be awarded for your spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology.

For a named emerging country, assess the extent to which economic development has changed its international role.

Named emerging country_........

(Total for spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology = 4 marks)

Which of the following is the definition of ‘Gross Domestic Product (GDP)’?

during one year

one year

Which one of the following is included in the Human Development Index (HDI)?

Explain how the HDI measures the health of a population.

Explain one way in which topography affects economic development.

Analyse Figure 4.

FDI received by selected countries between 2000 and 2014

Calculate the difference between the FDI in China and India in 2014.

Calculate the percentage increase in FDI in China between 2000 and 2014. Answer to one decimal place. Show your working.

Explain one disadvantage of top-down development strategies.

Analyse Figure 5.

Changes in the actual and projected rural and urban population of China between 1960 and 2020

For 1960, calculate the ratio of rural population to urban population.

Describe another data presentation technique which could be used to show the changing rural and urban populations in China in the table (Figure 5).

Explain one negative impact of rapid economic development on human health.

For a named emerging country, explain two socio-economic differences between regions.

Named emerging country_........

In this question, up to four additional marks will be awarded for your spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology.

Evaluate the impact of globalisation on the economy of a named emerging country.

Named emerging country_........

(Total for spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology = 4 marks)