Economic change in the UK

Study Figure 4 which shows the percentage (%) of the workforce employed in manufacturing for English regions in 2018.

Calculate the mean % employed in manufacturing in English regions.

Answer to one decimal place.

Show your working below.

Study Figure 5 below which shows the population of London and the % of people that worked in manufacturing in 2018.

Calculate the number of people that worked in manufacturing in London in 2018. Answer to one decimal place. Show your working below.

Explain two reasons why the % employed in the UK’s secondary (manufacturing) sector has fallen.

Explain one difference between the population structure of urban areas and rural areas.

Analyse the information in Figure 6 which includes the different age structures of the urban and rural populations of England, in 2020.

Age (years)

9% 7% 5% 3% 1% 1% 3% 5% 7%

• Nearly 47 million live in urban areas and nearly 10 million live in rural areas

• The population of both urban and rural areas has risen since 2011

• Most of the rural population live within an hour’s journey to a large town or city

Figure 6

Assess the possible causes for the differences in the age structure of England’s urban and rural populations.

You must use evidence from Figure 6 in your answer.

(Spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology = 4 marks)

Study Figure 5, which shows how median incomes pre-tax (£) in the UK varied with age and sex, in 2016.

Identify which one of the following is the most accurate description of sex inequalities.

Explain why median income is a better measure than mean income when comparing places.

Explain two ways in which TNCs (transnational corporations) have changed the economy of the UK.

Study Figure 5 which shows the views of some residents in a rural community in north-west Wales who have been asked to comment on the impact of English

Identify which one of the following is a positive impact of English migrants on the local community.

State two reasons why some people retire to rural areas in the UK.

Explain two reasons why transnational corporations (TNCs) have become more important to the UK economy.

Study Figure 5 which shows which age groups are dominant (in the majority) in different areas of the UK.

Identify which one of the countries of the UK is dominated by Generation X.

Calculate the percentage of areas dominated by ‘Baby Boomers’.

Answer to one decimal place.

You must show your working in the space below.

State two reasons for the distribution of the areas dominated by Generation Y.

Explain one reason for the growth of tertiary employment in the UK.

Study Figure 5 which shows the employment status of men and women aged 16 and over in the UK for 2016.

Economically inactive men (2.24 million) aged 16 to 64 (3.33 million)

Unemployed women (756,000) Unemployed men (919,000) Women working full-time Women working (8.47 million) part-time (6.19 million)

Figure 5

Identify which one of the following is the total number of economically inactive men and women aged 65 and over.

Calculate the percentage of the population aged 16 and over who were in full-time employment in 2016.

Answer to one decimal place.

You must show your working in the space below.

State two possible reasons why employment of women has grown in recent years.

Explain one impact of globalisation on secondary sector employment in the UK.

Study Figure 6a which shows variations in GCSE scores in the London Boroughs and Figure 6b which shows both GCSE scores and variations in child poverty.

Identify which one of the following London boroughs has the highest GCSE scores.

State a relationship between child poverty and GCSE scores that could be investigated.

Explain one reason why child poverty varies between different parts of a city.

For a named UK city, explain two reasons why the functions of its inner-city areas have changed in recent years.

For a named UK city, explain why changes in the city have caused economic and social changes in the surrounding accessible rural areas.