Edexcel GCSE Geography B Paper 2: UK Geographical Issues June 2023 question paper 1GB0/02

Identify which region of the UK is only made up of sedimentary rocks.

Explain one way in which rock is weathered.

Explain one impact of glaciation on the UK’s landscape.

Explain one reason why rocks with many joints and faults are eroded rapidly by waves.

Explain one benefit of using soft engineering to reduce coastal erosion.

For a named UK coastal landscape, explain two ways in which human activity is causing change.

Named coastal landscape

Study Figure 1 which is a photograph of a river landscape in western England.

Identify which is the best evidence that this river is in flood.

State one piece of evidence that this river has a large sediment load.

Explain one cost and one benefit of using hard engineering to manage river flood risk.

cost

benefit

Analyse Figure 2a and Figure 2b which have information about major flood events in England and Wales between 1920 and 2019.

Figure 2a shows the number of major flood events in each twenty-year period since 1920.

Figure 2b provides information about the five largest flood events as measured by the number of properties flooded and the number of deaths.

Assess the physical and human reasons for the changes in flood events in the past 100 years.

You must use evidence from Figure 2a and Figure 2b in your answer.

Study Figure 3 which shows the ethnic diversity of two regions of England, London and the North East.

Compare the ethnic diversity of London with the North East.

Explain two reasons for regional variations in ethnic diversity.

Study Figure 4 which shows the percentage (%) population growth for the city of Bath and England and Wales, 2007–2020.

Identify in which year Bath’s population growth was below 0.2%.

State one difference between Bath’s population changes and those in England and Wales.

Study Figure 5 below which shows the total number of people employed in Cardiff and the number employed in manufacturing.

Calculate the % of Cardiff’s employed population that work in manufacturing.

Answer to one decimal place.

You must show your working in the space below.

For a UK city that you have studied, explain two strategies that have been used to make urban living more sustainable.

UK city

For a UK city that you have studied, explain one reason why some parts of the city have experienced growth.

UK city

Analyse the information in Figure 6 which includes the different age structures of the urban and rural populations of England, in 2020.

Age (years)

9% 7% 5% 3% 1% 1% 3% 5% 7%

• Nearly 47 million live in urban areas and nearly 10 million live in rural areas

• The population of both urban and rural areas has risen since 2011

• Most of the rural population live within an hour’s journey to a large town or city

Figure 6

Assess the possible causes for the differences in the age structure of England’s urban and rural populations.

You must use evidence from Figure 6 in your answer.

(Spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology = 4 marks)

A group of students decided to investigate beach characteristics at two different times of year at the same location, 10 minutes walk from their school.

Their first visit was in May, their second in December. The weather was calm on both days.

The beach had hard engineering with a sea-wall and several groynes. They also knew that soft engineering had taken place in previous years with beach replenishment (sand brought in from neighbouring beaches).

They measured beach gradient (slope angle) at six sites from the sea wall to the shoreline along two beach profiles, one at each end of the beach.

Their results are shown below.

Explain one reason why the students selected this beach to carry out their investigation.

Explain one reason why they chose to measure the beach profile at two different times of year.

Explain one conclusion that they may have made after analysing their results.

Explain how two secondary sources of data would have been useful when carrying out this investigation.

Secondary data source 1

Secondary data source 2

You have conducted your own fieldwork into how and why coastal management impacts on coastal processes.

Name your fieldwork location

Assess the strengths and weaknesses of your fieldwork methods of collecting quantitative data.

A group of students decided to investigate river characteristics at two different times of year along two sections of the same river, 10 minutes walk from their school.

Their first visit was in May, their second in December. The weather was calm on both days.

The river had hard engineering in two places, with bank reinforcement. They also knew that a local landowner occasionally removed debris from the channel to maintain the water flow.

They measured river discharge in cumecs (cubic metres per second − m³ /sec⁻¹) by measuring width, average depth and velocity at six sites along two different sections of the river, separated by a kilometre with Section 2 further down the river.

Their results are shown below.

Explain one reason why the students selected this river to carry out their investigation.

Explain one reason why they chose to measure river discharge at two different times of year.

Explain one conclusion that they may have made after analysing their results.

Explain how two secondary sources of data that would have been useful when carrying out this investigation.

Secondary data source 1

Secondary data source 2

You have conducted your own fieldwork into flood risk for people and property.

Name your fieldwork location

Assess the strengths and weaknesses of your fieldwork methods of collecting quantitative data.

You have carried out your own fieldwork investigating environmental quality in an urban area.

Name your urban fieldwork location

Explain one reason for the choice of question or hypothesis that you selected to investigate.

Explain two ways that you used to collect data to investigate the quality of the urban environment.

At the end of your geographical investigation you drew conclusions that either supported or did not support your enquiry question or hypothesis.

Explain how strongly your conclusions supported your enquiry question or hypothesis.

Your enquiry question or hypothesis.

A group of 20 students, divided into two groups of 10, carried out questionnaires in the main street of their local town centre.

They chose to do this on a Saturday morning to get a wider range of responses.

They wanted to find out what residents felt about the quality of life in the town.

One group was asked to select older residents to answer the questions; the second group was asked to select residents of their own age.

In total they had responses from 28 older people and 42 younger people.

All those interviewed were given three statements about the town.

Statement 1 – ‘Crime is a major problem in the town’

Statement 2 – ‘Noise and anti-social behaviour are major problems in the town’

Statement 3 – ‘I don’t feel safe being alone in the town in the evening’

All those interviewed were then asked to choose one of the following responses to each of these statements.

1. Strongly agree

2. Agree

3. Disagree

4. Strongly disagree

Figure 9 on page 31 shows the results of these responses.

Assess the reliability of these conclusions.

You have carried out your own fieldwork investigating environmental quality in a rural environment.

Name your rural fieldwork location.

Explain one reason for the choice of question or hypothesis that you selected to investigate.

Explain two ways that you collected data to investigate the quality of the rural environment.

At the end of your geographical investigation you drew conclusions that either supported or did not support your enquiry question or hypothesis.

Explain how strongly your conclusions supported your enquiry question or hypothesis.

Your enquiry question or hypothesis.

A group of 20 students, divided into two groups of 10, carried out questionnaires in the main street of their local village.

They chose to do this on a Saturday morning to get a wider range of responses.

They wanted to find out what residents felt about the quality of life in the village.

One group was asked to select older residents to answer the questions; the second group was asked to select residents of their own age.

In total they had responses from 28 older people and 42 younger people.

All those interviewed were given three statements about the village.

Statement 1 – ‘Crime is a major problem in the village’

Statement 2 – ‘Noise and anti-social behaviour are major problems in the village’

Statement 3 – ‘I don’t feel safe being alone in the village in the evening’

All those interviewed were then asked to choose one of the following responses to each of these statements.

1. Strongly agree

2. Agree

3. Disagree

4. Strongly disagree

Figure 10 on page 37 shows the results of these responses.

Assess the reliability of these conclusions.