Contemporary UK challenges

Study Figure 4 which shows the percentage (%) of the workforce employed in manufacturing for English regions in 2018.

Calculate the mean % employed in manufacturing in English regions.

Answer to one decimal place.

Show your working below.

Study Figure 5 below which shows the population of London and the % of people that worked in manufacturing in 2018.

Calculate the number of people that worked in manufacturing in London in 2018. Answer to one decimal place. Show your working below.

Explain two reasons why the % employed in the UK’s secondary (manufacturing) sector has fallen.

Explain one difference between the population structure of urban areas and rural areas.

Study Figure 3 which shows the ethnic diversity of two regions of England, London and the North East.

Compare the ethnic diversity of London with the North East.

Explain two reasons for regional variations in ethnic diversity.

Analyse the information in Figure 6 which includes the different age structures of the urban and rural populations of England, in 2020.

Age (years)

9% 7% 5% 3% 1% 1% 3% 5% 7%

• Nearly 47 million live in urban areas and nearly 10 million live in rural areas

• The population of both urban and rural areas has risen since 2011

• Most of the rural population live within an hour’s journey to a large town or city

Figure 6

Assess the possible causes for the differences in the age structure of England’s urban and rural populations.

You must use evidence from Figure 6 in your answer.

(Spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology = 4 marks)

Study Figure 3 which shows the percentage (%) fall in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of English regions between January and June 2020.

Identify which one of the following regions had the smallest percentage (%) fall in its GDP.

Calculate the median percentage fall in GDP for English regions.

Explain two ways in which international migration has changed the population geography of the UK.

Analyse Figures 4a and 4b, which are two maps of the UK showing its population density (Figure 4a) and its altitude (height above sea level, shown in Figure 4b).

Assess the relationship between altitude and population density in the UK.

Study Figure 5 which shows the views of some residents in a rural community in north-west Wales who have been asked to comment on the impact of English

Identify which one of the following is a positive impact of English migrants on the local community.

State two reasons why some people retire to rural areas in the UK.

Explain two reasons why transnational corporations (TNCs) have become more important to the UK economy.

Analyse the information in Figure 7 which shows variations in gross disposable income (GDI) per head in 2017, between UK regions and within those regions.

Regions of

• Gross disposable income (GDI) per head is the amount of money people have to spend or save per year after they have paid their taxes and/or received any benefits.

• The UK mean GDI per head is just over £17,000 (the vertical dotted line).

• The data shows the range of GDI per head values between UK regions.

• The data also shows the range of GDI per head in each of the regions (e.g. Sunderland has the lowest mean GDI per head and Northumberland has the highest mean GDI per head in the North East).

Figure 7

Assess the possible impacts of these variations in gross disposable income (GDI) per head.

(Spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology = 4 marks)

Study Figure 5 which shows which age groups are dominant (in the majority) in different areas of the UK.

Identify which one of the countries of the UK is dominated by Generation X.

Calculate the percentage of areas dominated by ‘Baby Boomers’.

Answer to one decimal place.

You must show your working in the space below.

State two reasons for the distribution of the areas dominated by Generation Y.

Explain one reason for the growth of tertiary employment in the UK.

Analyse the information in Figure 7 which shows the percentage of the population of England and Wales born outside the UK, based on the 2011 Census data.

Assess the causes of variations in the distribution shown in Figure 7.

(Spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology = 4 marks)