Edexcel GCSE Geography B Paper 2: UK Geographical Issues June 2025 question paper 1GB0/02

Identify which one of the following is an igneous rock.

Explain one impact of glaciation on the UK’s upland landscapes.

Explain one reason why rocks are eroded at different rates.

Study Figure 1 which shows a coastal landscape in Devon.

Identify the approach to coastal management that is shown on Figure 1.

State one piece of evidence that mass movement is taking place on this cliff.

Explain one difference between concordant coastlines and discordant coastlines.

Explain one impact of climate change on coastal landscapes.

Explain one reason why coastal erosion can be managed using soft engineering.

Study Figure 2 which shows the long profile of a river.

Identify which of the following best describes the gradient of the river.

Identify which of the following best describes the change in the discharge of UK rivers from source to mouth.

Explain one cost and one benefit of managing flood risk using hard engineering.

cost

benefit

Analyse Figure 3 which is a hydrograph showing the changes in the discharge of the River Severn in cumecs (m³/sec) at Bewdley in its lower course, over one year.

Discharge

• The drainage basin of the River Severn covers over 11,000 km². This drainage basin is the largest in the UK.

• The height of the upper course drops from 750 metres to 200 metres above sea level in only 19 kilometres.

• Many tributaries join the main river.

• The annual precipitation varies from 2,500 mm in the upper course to 700 mm in the rest of the basin.

• Land-use is mostly agricultural (farmland). Moorland is grazed by sheep in the upper course but more crops and grassland are present in the mid and lower course. 10 percent (%) of the land use is forest.

• There have been 12 major flood events since 2000, affecting many properties built on the floodplain.

Figure 3

Assess the view that physical processes are largely responsible for river flooding.

You must use evidence from Figure 3 in your answer.

Study Figure 4 which shows the percentage (%) of the workforce employed in manufacturing for English regions in 2018.

Calculate the mean % employed in manufacturing in English regions.

Answer to one decimal place.

Show your working below.

Study Figure 5 below which shows the population of London and the % of people that worked in manufacturing in 2018.

Calculate the number of people that worked in manufacturing in London in 2018. Answer to one decimal place. Show your working below.

Explain two reasons why the % employed in the UK’s secondary (manufacturing) sector has fallen.

Explain one difference between the population structure of urban areas and rural areas.

Study Figure 6 which shows Piccadilly Gardens in Manchester.

Identify one piece of evidence that this is in the Central Business District (CBD) of Manchester.

Explain one way in which green spaces can improve the quality of life in this city.

For a named UK city, explain one reason why regeneration can have negative impacts on some people.

Named UK city

For a named UK city, explain two reasons why some parts of the city have high levels of inequality.

Named UK city

Analyse the information in Figure 7 which shows a ‘15-minute city’. This could be one way to improve sustainability in UK cities and the quality of life for their population.

• The aim behind the ’15-minute city’ is to make all areas of a city a mixture of land uses so that people live in communities that have shops, jobs, schools and many other functions.

• This will make it possible for many people to live within a 15-minute walk or bike journey from a wide range of services and facilities.

• Each major city would be made up of a number of these ‘15-minute city’ communities.

Figure 7

Assess the ways in which ‘15-minute cities’ make urban living more sustainable.

You must use evidence from Figure 7 in your answer.

(Spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology = 4 marks)

You have carried out your own fieldwork investigating the impact of coastal management on coastal processes and communities.

Name your coastal fieldwork location

Explain one way that you collected your own fieldwork data on how coastal management has affected beach morphology.

Explain how one qualitative fieldwork method helped your investigation.

Explain one way geographical case studies and theories helped you to understand your data.

Explain two reasons why secondary data was important for your investigation.

As part of their coastal fieldwork a group of students designed a questionnaire to help them.

Their enquiry question was ‘Does the public support the use of hard engineering to protect the coastal environment?’

When they arrived at their coastal location they asked people if they would be prepared to answer some questions. After one hour they only had 17 responses.

The three questions asked and the responses given are shown below.

The students concluded that the public does support the use of hard engineering to protect the coastal environment.

Assess the strengths and weaknesses of this conclusion.

You must use evidence from Figure 8 in your answer.

You have carried out your own fieldwork investigating how drainage basin and channel characteristics influence flood risk for people and property along a river in the UK.

Name your river fieldwork location

Explain one way that you collected your own fieldwork data on the influence of channel characteristics on flood risk.

Explain how one qualitative fieldwork method helped your investigation.

Explain one way geographical case studies and theories helped you to understand your data.

Explain two reasons why secondary data was important for your investigation.

As part of their river fieldwork a group of students designed a questionnaire to help them.

Their enquiry question was ‘Does the public support the use of hard engineering to protect them from river flooding?’

When they arrived at their fieldwork location they asked people if they would be prepared to answer some questions. After one hour they only had 17 responses.

The three questions asked and the responses given are shown below.

The students concluded that the public does support the use of hard engineering to protect them from river flooding.

Assess the strengths and weaknesses of this conclusion.

You must use evidence from Figure 9 in your answer.

As part of their urban fieldwork a group of students carried out a retail land-use survey along one street in two different towns to record the types of shops in the two locations.

One was their local town, the other was a seaside town popular with tourists.

They decided to classify six different types of shops as either ‘tourist shops’ or ‘non‑tourist shops’.

Their results are shown below.

Suggest a suitable enquiry question that the students could have investigated.

Explain one reason why the classification of shops might not be reliable.

Explain one method the students might have used to record the retail land-use in the two towns.

Explain two ways in which the students could have improved their data collection methods.

You have carried out your own fieldwork investigating how and why the quality of life varies in urban areas.

Assess the accuracy and reliability of the results of your investigation.

As part of their rural fieldwork a group of students carried out a retail land-use survey along one street in two different small towns to record the types of shops in the two locations.

One was their local rural town, the other was a seaside town popular with tourists.

They decided to classify six different types of shops as either ‘tourist shops’ or ‘non-tourist shops’.

Their results are shown below.

Suggest a suitable enquiry question that the students could have investigated.

Explain one reason why the classification of shops might not be reliable.

Explain one method the students might have used to record the retail land-use in the two towns.

Explain two ways in which the students could have improved their data collection methods.

You have carried out your own fieldwork investigating how and why the quality of life varies in rural areas.

Assess the accuracy and reliability of the results of your investigation.