Coastal management

Study Figure 1 which shows a coastal landscape in Devon.

Identify the approach to coastal management that is shown on Figure 1.

State one piece of evidence that mass movement is taking place on this cliff.

Explain one difference between concordant coastlines and discordant coastlines.

Explain one impact of climate change on coastal landscapes.

Explain one reason why coastal erosion can be managed using soft engineering.

Explain one reason why rocks with many joints and faults are eroded rapidly by waves.

Explain one benefit of using soft engineering to reduce coastal erosion.

For a named UK coastal landscape, explain two ways in which human activity is causing change.

Named coastal landscape

Analyse Figure 2a and Figure 2b which have information about major flood events in England and Wales between 1920 and 2019.

Figure 2a shows the number of major flood events in each twenty-year period since 1920.

Figure 2b provides information about the five largest flood events as measured by the number of properties flooded and the number of deaths.

Assess the physical and human reasons for the changes in flood events in the past 100 years.

You must use evidence from Figure 2a and Figure 2b in your answer.

A group of students decided to conduct a series of interviews to collect data about the costs and benefits of coastal management methods.

They interviewed three people, asking them if they thought coastal management was worthwhile: a local planning officer, a retired elderly resident and the owner of a café close to the beach. Their answers are shown below.

Explain one reason why the students selected these three people to interview.

Suggest one reason why another group of people might have views about coastal defences that would have been useful to this enquiry.

Explain one way in which secondary data might have helped the students plan this enquiry.

Suggest two reasons why the people interviewed did not agree about the benefits of spending money on coastal management.

Study Figure 2, which shows information about the percentage (%) of coastline being eroded and coastal protection for selected UK coastal regions.

Identify which one of the regions has the highest % of coastline being eroded.

Calculate the length of the Scottish coastline being protected.

Answer to one decimal place.

You must show your working in the space below.

Suggest one reason why only a small percentage of the Scottish coastline is being protected.

Explain how coastal erosion processes create cliffs.

You may use a diagram to help your answer.

A group of students decided to measure beach profiles at Amroth, Pembrokeshire, to help them collect data for their enquiry question, which was:

‘Does hard engineering, such as groynes and sea walls, affect the beach morphology?’

They selected three places to measure their beach profiles (shown on Figure 8 below) and measured beach gradient and sediment size every 50 metres from the top of the beach to the sea.

Suggest one reason why the students selected this beach to carry out their fieldwork.

Suggest one reason the students selected the three locations shown on Figure 8 to carry out their beach profiles.

Explain one reason why the chosen location of beach profile 1 might not be a good choice.

Suggest two reasons why coastal erosion may not be a serious risk on this coastline.

Study Figure 2 which shows a part of the coastline of Aberdeenshire, Scotland.

Identify one type of hard engineering used to protect this coastline.

Identify which one of the following is most likely to result in rapid coastal erosion.

Explain one way in which hard engineering can reduce coastal erosion.

Explain one reason why some coastlines are protected whilst others are not.

Study Figure 2 which shows waves on the coastline of Cornwall.

State the type of waves shown.

Identify which one of the following is the most likely cause of waves such as these.

Explain one reason why there may be an increase in the frequency of storms in the future.

Explain the difference between concordant and discordant coastlines. You may use a diagram to help your answer.

Study Figure 2 which is a photograph of part of the coastline of Suffolk, looking northwards.

State the process that moves sediment along this coastline.

Identify which one of the following is the most likely direction of sediment movement along this coastline.

Explain one reason for your answer to (a)(ii).

Explain why there is an increasing risk of coastal flooding on many UK coastlines.