Drought: causes, impacts & responses

The global climate is changing due to both human and natural reasons.

State two pieces of evidence for natural climate change.

Study Figure 6a in the Resource Booklet.

Calculate the range of solar energy shown in Figure 6a.

Answer to one decimal place.

You must show your working in the space below.

Suggest one way the variation in solar energy might have affected global temperatures between 1620 and 1720.

You must use evidence from Figure 6a in your answer.

Methane is a greenhouse gas.

Study Figure 6b in the Resource Booklet.

Calculate the percentage increase in the amount of methane in the atmosphere between 2010 and 2022 shown in Figure 6b.

Answer to one decimal place.

You must show your working in the space below.

State one reason for the increase in the amount of methane in the atmosphere.

Tropical cyclones (hurricanes and typhoons) are extreme weather events.

Identify the latitudes where tropical cyclones form.

State one reason why some tropical cyclones lead to more deaths than others.

Study Figures 6c and 6d in the Resource Booklet.

Explain two responses to tropical cyclones.

You must use evidence from Figures 6c and 6d in your answer.

Figure 6c

Figure 6d

In this question, up to four additional marks will be awarded for your spelling, punctuation, grammar and for your use of specialist terminology.

Assess the impacts of drought on people and ecosystems in a named developed country.

Named developed country

(Spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology = 4 marks)

The global climate was different in the past.

State one piece of evidence for natural climate change.

Study Figure 6a in the Resource Booklet.

Calculate the range of annual CO₂ emissions shown in Figure 6a.

You must show your working in the space below.

Study Figures 6b and 6c in the Resource Booklet.

Suggest two impacts of climate change.

You must use evidence from Figure 6b and Figure 6c in your answers.

Impact one (Figure 6b)

Impact two (Figure 6c)

Explain one human cause of drought.

Explain one reason why droughts are hazardous.

Tropical cyclones are extreme weather events.

Study Figure 6d in the Resource Booklet.

Identify the latitudes within which Tropical Cyclone Asani travelled.

Study Figure 6e in the Resource Booklet.

Calculate the mean of the maximum wind speeds shown in Figure 6e.

Answer to one decimal place.

You must show your working in the space below.

In this question, four of the marks awarded will be for your spelling, punctuation, grammar and for your use of specialist terminology.

Assess the importance of the different impacts of tropical cyclones in a named emerging or developing country.

Named emerging or developing country

(Spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology = 4 marks)

The causes of drought are complex.

Define the term drought.

Study Figure 5a in the Resource Booklet.

Identify the amount of winter rainfall in 1995.

Calculate the range of winter rainfall.

You must show your working in the space below.

Explain one reason why some locations are more vulnerable to drought than others.

Some locations are more vulnerable to drought than others.

Study Figure 5a in the Resource Booklet.

Identify the year that the rainfall was furthest below the mean.

Calculate the range of the rainfall between 1990 and 2015.

Answer to one decimal place.

You must show your working in the space below.

Study Figure 5b in the Resource Booklet.

Explain one impact of drought on people and one impact on the environment in South east Australia.

You must use evidence from Figure 5b in your answer.

People

Environment

The atmosphere operates as a global system transferring heat and energy.

Name one of the global atmospheric circulation cells.

Study Figure 6a in the Resource Booklet.

Identify the amount of solar energy received (kWh/m²) per day at X.

Explain one reason why location X receives a different amount of solar energy than location Y.

You must use evidence from Figure 6a in your answer.

Explain one meteorological cause of drought.

Tropical cyclones (hurricanes and typhoons) develop under specific conditions and in certain locations.

Study Figure 6b in the Resource Booklet.

Identify which one of the following dates had the strongest wind speeds.

Calculate the total distance travelled by Typhoon Ompong between 12–18 September 2018.

Answer to one decimal place.

You must show your working in the space below.

Study Figure 6c in the Resource Booklet.

Identify the year with the highest number of tropical cyclones.

Suggest one reason for the overall change in the frequency of tropical cyclones between 1970 and 2020.

You must use evidence from Figure 6c in your answer.

Evaluate the following statement.

Human activity is the main cause of global climate change.

The atmosphere operates as a global system transferring heat and energy.

Study Figure 6a in the Resource Booklet.

Identify one warm ocean current shown in Figure 6a.

Explain one way in which ocean currents redistribute heat energy across the Earth.

The causes of drought are complex.

Explain one human cause of drought.

Explain one way in which the government of a country can respond to drought.

Hurricanes develop under specific conditions.

Study Figure 6b in the Resource Booklet.

Calculate the number of major hurricanes affecting the USA in 2016.

State one condition of the ocean required for a hurricane to form.

Natural hazards, such as hurricanes, can have serious impacts on people and the environment.

Study Figure 6c in the Resource Booklet.

Suggest two impacts of Hurricane Maria on Dominica.

Use evidence from Figure 6c in your answer.

Evaluate the following statement.

The global climate was different in the past and continues to change due to natural causes.

Study Figure 6a in the Resource Booklet.

Calculate the range of temperatures shown in Figure 6a.

You must show your working in the space below.

Historical records such as Figure 6a provide evidence of natural climate change.

State two other pieces of evidence of natural climate change.

Explain one way in which the Milankovitch cycles can affect global temperature.

Tropical cyclones develop under specific conditions and in certain locations.

Study Figure 6b in the Resource Booklet.

Identify the feature labelled X on Figure 6b.

Calculate the diameter of the tropical cyclone (shown by the line Y-Z) on Figure 6b.

You must show your workings in the space below.

Identify which country is regularly affected by tropical cyclones.

Hurricane Matthew was the first Category 5 Atlantic hurricane since 2007.

Study Figures 6c and 6d in the Resource Booklet.

With reference to Figures 6c and 6d, suggest two reasons for the different impacts of Hurricane Matthew on Florida (USA) and Haiti.

Assess the following statement.

‘Drought is mainly due to natural causes.’

Tropical cyclones develop under specific conditions and in certain locations.

Study Figure 6a in the Resource Booklet.

Identify which latitudinal zone is affected most by tropical cyclones.

Explain one reason why tropical cyclones do not travel far inland.

Study Figure 6b below.

Extract from a newspaper article, 29th February 2016

With reference to Figure 6b, suggest two social impacts of Cyclone Winston.

Study Figure 6c in the Resource Booklet.

Identify the change in total rainfall shown at X on Figure 6c.

State two reasons why a drought may be hazardous to people.

Study Figure 6d in the Resource Booklet.

Suggest two reasons why deforestation in Queensland may cause drought.

Assess the different responses to drought in a named emerging or developing country.

Named emerging or developing country_........