Urban growth in LIC & NEE cities

Look at Fig. 5 in the Resource Booklet, which shows a newspaper article about life in Mexico City.

What percentage of Mexico’s population earn 21% of the nation’s total income?

What risks do the Mexico City Authorities suggest may increase due to climate change?

Using the photographs in Fig. 5, identify one difference in the environments of Polanco and Neza-Chalco-Itza.

An informal settlement is where housing is constructed on land that the occupants do not own or have the permission to build on.

Explain why informal settlements are often found in LIDC and EDC cities.

* Using Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5, evaluate the contemporary challenges caused by inequality within Mexico City.

4* Using the information in the Resource Booklet and your own understanding:

1. Evaluate whether the contemporary challenges faced by residents in Mexico City are due to physical factors.

2. Suggest one initiative that could support Mexico City to develop long term sustainability.

Spelling, punctuation and grammar and the use of specialist terminology (

Which of the following is the correct meaning of the term ‘world city’?

A A city which has a large migrant population

B A city which is located in an Advanced Country

C A city which is very important in the global economy

D A city with a population of over 10 million people

Write the correct letter in the box.

New York is a megacity which had a population of 20 million in 2011. By 2025, the population is predicted to have reached 24 million. Calculate the percentage increase in the size of the population.

Show your working.

Study Fig. 1 in the separate Resource Booklet, which shows a city in the United Kingdom.

State one piece of evidence which suggests that migration has had an impact on this city.

Explain how migration changes the growth and character of cities.

CASE STUDY – Contemporary challenge in LIDC or EDC city

Name of LIDC or EDC city:........

For an LIDC or EDC city you have studied, evaluate how one contemporary challenge impacts on everyday life in the city.

Study Fig. 1 in the separate Resource Booklet, a GIS map of Rio de Janeiro.

Identify one human feature of Rio de Janeiro shown on Fig. 1.

Identify one physical feature of Rio de Janeiro shown on Fig. 1.

The city boundaries of Rio de Janeiro in 1900 and 2015 are outlined on Fig. 1.

Estimate the area of Rio de Janeiro in in km². 1900

Using Fig. 1, describe the location of Copacabana Beach.

Study Fig. 2 in the separate Resource Booklet, photographs and reviews of three coastal areas in Rio de Janeiro.

State two human uses of Rio de Janeiro’s coastal areas seen in Fig. 2.

Study Fig. 3 in the separate Resource Booklet, beach management strategies used in Brazil.

450 metres of Copacabana Beach, in Rio de Janeiro, needs coastal management to avoid widespread coastal erosion.

Calculate the cost of rock armour for Copacabana Beach.

Using your own understanding, suggest whether beach nourishment or rock armour would be most appropriate for coastlines with high levels of erosion by hydraulic action.

* Study Figs 3 and 4 in the separate Resource Booklet, beach management strategies used in Brazil and a sketch showing impacts of beach nourishment (beach replenishment) at Copacabana Beach.

Using Figs 1, 2, 3 and 4 and your own understanding, explain how challenges in the city of Rio de Janeiro affect the coastal landscape.

Study Fig. 6 in the separate Resource Booklet, a map of Botafogo, a suburb of Rio de Janeiro, and Fig. 7, photographs taken in the Santa Marta squatter settlement (favela).

Use Fig. 6 to calculate the distance in km from (A) Santa Marta to (B) Botafogo beach.

Santa Marta is one of the squatter settlements found in Rio de Janeiro. Using Figs 6 and 7, briefly explain one challenge people living in Santa Marta may face.

Using Figs 2, 6 and 7 in the separate Resource Booklet, and your own understanding, assess the contemporary challenges created by the inequality within Botafogo.

Rio de Janeiro is facing many challenges, both physical and human, and, as outlined in the article above, the city now has a very limited budget.

Using the information in the separate Resource Booklet and your own understanding:

1. Examine whether you think that Rio de Janeiro should prioritise coastal management improving the squatter settlements (favelas) over the next 10 years?

2. Suggest how your decision could lead to long-term sustainability for the city.

Spelling, punctuation and grammar and the use of specialist terminology