Which one of the following body systems protects the vital organs?
(1)
(1)
Figure 1 shows a graph of changing lung volumes.
Which letter, A, B, C or D, represents tidal volume?
(1)
Which one of the following structures allows gas exchange with the capillaries?
(1)
The ankle and shoulder are examples of joints in the human body.
Complete Table 1 by:
Stating the classification of each joint.
(2)
Stating one different range of movement for each joint.
(2)
Ligaments and tendons have an important role within the body.
State the role of ligaments.
(1)
Explain, using an example, why tendons are important to games players.
(3)
Figure 2 shows the muscular system.
Complete Table 2 by:
Stating the name of the labelled muscles.
(2)
Stating the role of the labelled muscles.
(2)
Muscles are classified as either voluntary, involuntary or cardiac.
Explain, using an example, why the characteristics of cardiac muscle are important to a sports performer.
(3)
Figure 3 shows a performer during a training session. Her left hip and left knee are circled.
Analyse the actions of the antagonistic muscle pairs at the circled joints of the left hip and left knee that cause the movement from Position A to Position B in Figure 3.
Left hip
(3)
Left knee
(3)
Table 3 lists some common techniques and skills used in different sporting activities and places them into two different groups.
State the muscle fibre type most beneficial to all three activities listed in Group 1.
(1)
State the muscle fibre type most beneficial to all three activities listed in Group 2.
(1)
Figure 4 shows a simplified diagram of the heart.
Identify the structure labelled A in Figure 4.
(1)
State the function of the structure labelled A in Figure 4.
(1)
Two functions of the cardiovascular system are transport of nutrients and clotting of open wounds.
State one other function of the cardiovascular system that is important to a sports performer during physical activity.
(1)
Explain why the clotting of open wounds is an important function if a person is injured during physical activity.
(2)
Figure 5 shows a sketch of a lever system.
Identify the components of the lever system, A, B and C, in Figure 5.
A
(1)
B
(1)
C
(1)
Figure 6 shows a trampolinist mid routine.
To get the required height, the trampolinist pushes down on the trampoline each time she lands.
State the name of the lever system acting at the ankle when the trampolinist pushes off the trampoline.
(1)
The lever system used to push off the trampoline provides a mechanical advantage.
Explain the mechanical advantage for the performer as she pushes off the trampoline.
(2)
The trampolinist performs a piked front somersault as part of her routine.
Identify the plane and axis when performing a piked front somersault.
Plane
(1)
Axis
(1)
Table 4 shows part of an athlete’s training programme.
Which one of the following principles of training is the athlete applying to their training?
(1)
Which one of the following indicates the application of the FITT principle intensity ?
(1)
Figure 7 shows a performer during an exercise session.
Which one of the following training methods is being used by the performer in Figure 7 ?
(1)
Table 5 shows ratings for the sit and reach test for adults.
| Sex | Excellent | Very good | Average | Fair |
| Male | >27 | 17 – 26 | 6 – 16 | 0 – 5 |
| Female | >30 | 21 – 29 | 11 – 20 | 4 – 10 |
(Source: adapted from https://www.topendsports.com/testing/norms/sit-and-reach.htm)
Table 5
Which one of the following is the correct rating for a male, who scored 12 in the sit and reach test?
(1)
Carlton is an endurance athlete. Carlton’s training leads to a drop in his resting heart rate and an increase in the strength of his diaphragm.
Explain why these long-term training effects are an advantage for an endurance athlete.
Drop in resting heart rate
(2)
Increase in strength of diaphragm
(2)
George is returning to badminton training after recovering from a long illness.
Figure 8 shows a relationship between performance, health, exercise and fitness.
Justify, using Figure 8, why George’s badminton performance will be lower after his long break from playing.
(3)
Explain one reason why George retests his fitness before he starts training again after his illness.
(2)
Table 6 shows two fitness tests George carries out.
State one other fitness test George could use to test his cardiovascular fitness.
(1)
Explain which one of the fitness tests in Table 6 is less appropriate to measure George’s badminton fitness.
(3)
Describe the test protocol for the Cooper 12-minute run.
(3)
A basketball coach carries out some fitness tests.
Complete Table 7 by:
Stating the name of the component of fitness being tested.
(2)
Stating how the component of fitness is used in basketball.
(2)
Table 8 shows the ratings of four basketball players’ fitness tests.
State which player in Table 8 has the highest rating for power.
(1)
Justify, using the ratings in Table 8, why the coach would select Player 3 for the basketball team.
(2)
Some athletes take performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) to increase their performance.
Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of growth hormones (GH) for a 100 m sprinter competing in a major competition.
Advantage
(2)
Disadvantage
(2)
Olivia plays football. She requires high levels of strength, cardiovascular fitness and agility for her playing position.
She trains regularly, using Fartlek training, circuit training and weight training.
Evaluate the importance of these three methods of training in improving Olivia’s fitness for football.
(9)
The paper as printed
Spotted a mistake on this page?Report a problem