Which one of the following is a role of the pectoralis major?
(1)
Which one of the following bones is in the lower arm?
(1)
Which one of the following is the role of tendons?
(1)
Which one of the following is the function of platelets?
(1)
Our skeleton helps us when we play sport.
Complete Table 1 by:
Stating the name of the bone used in the sporting example.
(2)
Stating the classification of the bone used in the sporting example.
(2)
Figure 1 shows an athlete performing a side plank.
(Source: © Vladimir Sukhachev/Shutterstock)
Figure 1
Using Figure 1 complete the following statements:
The movement is occurring in the........ plane.
(1)
The muscle that allows the athlete to lift the arm at the shoulder is called the
(1)
The shoulder is an example of a........ joint.
(1)
The type of movement that has occurred at the left hip is
(1)
Figure 2 shows an athlete during a training exercise.
Her left elbow and left hip are circled.
Analyse the actions of the antagonistic muscle pairs at the circled joints of the left elbow and left hip that allow the athlete to move from Position A to Position B in Figure 2.
Left elbow
(3)
Left hip
(3)
One characteristic of type I muscle fibres is a high capillary supply.
State one other characteristic of type I muscle fibres.
(1)
Name one athletics event where the athletes would benefit from a high percentage of type I muscle fibres.
(1)
Explain why a high capillary supply would be an advantage to an athlete.
(3)
During exercise heart rate increases so more blood can flow to the working muscles.
Describe one other method of increasing blood flow to the working muscles during exercise.
(4)
The concentration of carbon dioxide in inhaled and exhaled air will vary during a long-distance run.
Explain the difference between carbon dioxide concentration in inhaled and exhaled air during a long-distance run.
(3)
Explain one reason why breathing rate remains high immediately after exercise.
(3)
Participation in sport is possible because of the body’s lever systems.
Complete Table 2 by:
Stating the lever system from the example of its use.
(2)
Stating the fulcrum for each example.
(2)
Stating the muscle providing the effort.
(2)
A third class lever system has a mechanical disadvantage.
State what is meant by a mechanical disadvantage.
(1)
Which one of the following is a correct definition of fitness?
(1)
Table 3 shows the ratings from four sports performers fitness tests.
| Performer | ||||
| Fitness test | A | B | C | D |
| 30m sprint | Very good | Excellent | Excellent | Excellent |
| Illinois agility run test | Good | Poor | Very good | Very good |
| One-minute press-up | Excellent | Average | Average | Very good |
| Vertical jump | Good | Excellent | Good | Poor |
Which one of the performers in Table 3 is the most powerful?
(1)
Which one of the performers in Table 3 is most suitable for the 100m?
(1)
Which one of the performers in Table 3 has the best muscular endurance?
(1)
Figure 3 shows a dancer during a routine.
Complete Table 4 by:
Stating how the dancer in Figure 3 is using each component of fitness.
(2)
Stating one training method to improve each component of fitness.
(2)
Stating one fitness test to measure each component of fitness.
(2)
The dancer uses strength and flexibility during a routine.
State two other components of fitness the dancer needs to hold the position shown in Figure 3.
(2)
The dancer follows safety rules during training and uses appropriate protective clothing and equipment to remain injury free.
Explain two other ways the dancer can reduce the risk of injury during training.
(3)
(3)
Table 5 provides values for Jude’s heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output at rest.
Explain what would happen to each of the values in Table 5 after Jude completes an eight-week aerobic training programme.
Use a different explanation for each value.
Resting heart rate
(2)
Resting stroke volume
(2)
Resting cardiac output
(2)
State the component of fitness Jude is trying to improve by following an aerobic training programme.
(1)
Jude is a cross-country runner.
Explain why Jude chooses Fartlek training to prepare for their next cross-county race.
(3)
Long-term training can benefit our skeletal system.
Explain one long-term training effect on the skeletal system that would benefit Jude’s cross country performance.
(3)
Some elite athletes are tempted to take performance enhancing drugs (PEDs).
Evaluate the effects of anabolic steroids, narcotic analgesics and diuretics on a 100m sprinter’s performance.
(9)
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