AQA GCSE Psychology Paper 2: Social context and behaviour June 2023 question paper 8182/2

The following definition of ‘deindividuation’ is not complete.

This causes them to feel less responsibility for their actions.

You have been given four suggestions of what the missing words are.

Complete the definition by identifying the correct missing words.

Shade one box only.

The ‘cost of helping’ affects bystander intervention.

Use an example to describe how the ‘cost of helping’ could affect bystander intervention.

Outline one factor that affects obedience.

Read the following conversation between two psychology teachers.

What is meant by the term ‘social loafing’?

Refer to the conversation to support your answer.

Read the following information.

Outline one strength and one weakness of using correlations in psychological research.

Participants were asked to rate their confidence levels on a scale.

The scale went from 1 (low) to 5 (high).

Participants used a similar scale to rate how likely they are to say something when they see someone dropping litter.

The results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Ratings for participants’ confidence and the likelihood of saying something when witnessing littering.

Use the results in Table 1 to sketch a suitable graph to show the ratings for participants’ confidence and the likelihood of them saying something when witnessing littering.

Also include in your answer:

a label for the Y axis

a scale for both axes

a suitable title for your graph.

The researchers who carried out the described questionnaire would like you to do a follow-up study.

The participants who took part in the questionnaire have also agreed to be participants for your study.

You are also able to use the ratings they gave themselves for the different personality traits.

Describe how you would design a field experiment to find out more about how personality affects whether people would say something when witnessing anti-social behaviour.

In your answer include:

• a description of the procedure you would use

• what your dependent variable would be.

Solomon Asch carried out his famous ‘line’ experiment in the 1950s.

Discuss whether or not Asch’s study of conformity would be considered to be ethical now.

Use your knowledge of the British Psychological Society guidelines on ethical issues in psychological research to inform your discussion.

Which two of the following behaviours are examples of using ‘verbal communication’?

Shade two boxes.

Read the following article.

Outline one function of animal communication.

Refer to the article to support your answer.

Read the following conversation between two Year 11 students.

Outline how status can affect personal space.

Refer to both Brandon and Lane’s comments in your answer.

Write a suitable alternative hypothesis for Yuki’s study of emoticons.

Describe the results of Yuki’s study of emoticons.

Suggest a possible conclusion that can be drawn from his results.

Justify your answer.

Describe and evaluate Piaget’s theory that language depends on thought.

Read the following descriptions of two structures of the brain.

Write the correct letter A, B, C, D or E in the box next to each description.

A Cerebellum

B Frontal lobe

C Occipital lobe

D Parietal lobe

E Temporal lobe

Read the following information.

From the information, identify two examples of situations where the parietal lobe was involved and identify two examples of situations where the occipital lobe was involved.

Write your answers in the correct boxes.

Read the following conversation.

Briefly outline the basic functions of the central division of the human nervous system.

Refer to the conversation to support your answer.

Describe and evaluate the James-Lange theory of emotion.

The psychologist Carol Dweck developed a theory about the way in which our mindset affects learning. Donald Hebb was a neuropsychologist who developed the theory of learning and neuronal growth.

Explain what Dweck means by ‘fixed mindset’ and ‘growth mindset’.

Briefly describe Hebb’s theory.

Discuss whether or not Hebb’s theory supports the idea that having a growth mindset is an advantage when learning.

The ‘One day at a time’ research study asked people with a diagnosed mental health problem to regularly answer the question ‘What did you find difficult to deal with today?’

On 6 days, spread throughout the year, people were asked to write about their day.

An analysis of the answers was carried out and the difficulties most commonly mentioned by the participants were identified.

Many participants mentioned more than one of these common difficulties.

The results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Difficulties most commonly mentioned by females and males.

One result is missing from Table 2.

Which of the following is the most likely estimate of the missing result?

Use the results from the rest of the table to help with your decision.

The questionnaire was answered by 671 females.

What percentage of females mentioned experiencing stigma about their mental health problem as a difficulty they had to deal with in their day?

State your answer using three significant figures and show your workings.

The researchers wanted to use the real-life stories they had collected to encourage other people. The participants’ answers were made available on the internet for anyone to read.

Identify one ethical issue that the researchers carrying out the questionnaire needed to consider.

Describe how the ‘One day at a time’ researchers could have dealt with the ethical issue you have identified.

Outline one strength of using questionnaires to carry out psychological research.

Imagine you have been asked to carry out a follow up study to the ‘One day at a time’ research.

One of the individual effects of having a mental health problem is the negative impact on physical wellbeing.

The researchers have asked you to find out more about how the negative impact on physical wellbeing affects people with a mental health problem.

You have decided to carry out your study by doing a questionnaire. You plan to use opportunity sampling to select your participants.

In your answer:

• explain how you will select your opportunity sample

• write one question that will help you to collect relevant quantitative data

• write one question that will help you to collect relevant qualitative data.

Write your answers in the correct spaces provided.

How you will select your opportunity sample

Question for collecting quantitative data

Question for collecting qualitative data

Read the following information.

Briefly outline one psychological explanation of addiction.

Refer to the information in your answer.

Describe Wiles’ study of the effectiveness of CBT.

Evaluate Wiles’ study of the effectiveness of CBT.