AQA GCSE Psychology Paper 2: Social context and behaviour November 2021 question paper 8182/2

Which of the following is a social factor that affects obedience?

Shade one box.

Task difficulty and expertise are two factors known to affect conformity.

Use an example to describe how each of these factors could affect conformity.

Briefly evaluate Adorno’s theory of the Authoritarian Personality.

Briefly explain two weaknesses of laboratory experiments. Refer to Asch’s study of conformity in your answer.

Describe and evaluate Piliavin’s subway study.

Read the following conversation.

What is meant by the term deindividuation? Refer to the conversation in your answer.

Dispositional factors can affect how likely it is that someone will join in with collective behaviour.

Explain why Liam joined in the fight but Lukas did not. Use the conversation and your knowledge of dispositional factors in your answer.

Read the following descriptions of types of body language.

Write A, B, C or D in the box next to each description.

A Closed posture

B Open posture

C Postural echo

D Touch

Outline Piaget’s theory that language depends on thought.

A psychologist was studying the natural behaviour of bees communicating with each other. He placed a bowl of sugar water on top of a tall pole. The pole was only one metre away from the hive, but it was 20 metres high.

He carefully removed 25 bees from the hive. He gently painted a tiny dot of paint on them. Then he released them next to the bowl of sugar water.

He found that when the painted bees returned to the hive, they danced to communicate how close the sugar water was. But even though they did the correct dance, none of the other bees in the hive flew to the top of the pole.

The psychologist concluded that bees do not have a dance move for ‘up’.

Using your knowledge of Von Frisch’s bee study, identify the dance the painted bees would use to communicate how close the sugar water was.

Validity needs to be taken into consideration in the conducting of research. Results are seen as valid when the research has measured what it claimed to be measuring.

Explain one reason why the described study carried out by the psychologist might not produce valid results.

Briefly outline one function of animal communication. Refer to the described study carried out by the psychologist in your answer.

Read the following conversation.

Use the conversation above to explain two factors that can affect personal space.

Briefly describe both Yuki’s study of emoticons and Gregory’s constructivist theory of perception.

Discuss whether or not the results of Yuki’s study support Gregory’s theory. Use your knowledge of both in your answer.

Complete the following sentence. Shade one box only.

Sensory neurons carry information...

Complete the following sentence. Shade one box only.

Relay neurons carry information…

Outline two differences between the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system.

Imagine that one afternoon as you are walking along looking at your phone, you go to cross the road without looking and the driver of a car narrowly avoids you. As you step back onto the safety of the pavement, you realise that your mouth is very dry, you are sweating and your breathing and heart beat are both very fast.

Using your knowledge of the nervous system, explain why you are likely to be experiencing the described physical effects.

Explain how excitation and inhibition are involved in synaptic transmission.

A psychologist researched treatment for stroke patients with damage to the language areas of their brains. She compared the effectiveness of two kinds of speech and language therapy. One therapy was carried out in person by a trained therapist. The other therapy was carried out by a specially programmed computer known as a virtual therapist.

The psychologist timed each participant reading the same paragraph of text before and after six weeks of speech and language therapy. She then worked out how much faster the participants could read the text at the end of the six weeks. The results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1: The decrease in time taken to read a paragraph of text after six weeks of speech and language therapy.

Name one of the lobes of the brain where a language area is located.

What is the mode for the decrease in time taken when the speech and language therapy was provided by the trained therapist?

Calculate the range for the decrease in time taken when the speech and language therapy was provided by the virtual therapist.

What percentage of the twenty participants were able to read the text more than 40 seconds faster after six weeks of therapy?

Show your workings.

Describe and evaluate Tulving's ‘gold’ memory study.

A researcher wanted to find out if there was any relationship between the number of people diagnosed with significant mental health conditions and the amount of money needed to pay for social care costs. He looked at the statistics published by the Office of National Statistics for the past 10 years. The scatter graph in Figure 1 shows the results of his research.

Figure 1: The annual number of people diagnosed with significant mental health conditions and the amount of money needed to pay for social care costs for each of the past 10 years.

Identify the type of correlation the researcher found.

Shade one box only.

State whether the data collected by the researcher was primary or secondary.

Explain your answer.

Outline two weaknesses of correlations.

Read the following conversation.

According to the International Classification of Diseases, which three symptoms of unipolar depression was Noah experiencing?

Describe one difference between unipolar depression and bipolar depression.

Evaluate one study that has investigated whether or not hereditary factors are a possible explanation for alcohol abuse.

You have been asked to research the effectiveness of self-management programmes as an intervention for addiction.

Explain how you would use interviews to do this research.

You need to include the following information in your answer:

• who your target population would be

• what your sampling method would be and how you would select your sample using this method

• an appropriate interview question you could use in your research.

Anonymity means that a person cannot be identified and the information they share cannot be connected to them. Self-management programmes for addiction usually allow the people who attend them to be anonymous.

People often do not want to take part in research if their identity is going to be revealed.

Identify an appropriate way of dealing with the ethical issue of anonymity in the research you described in 21.1.

Evaluate self-management programmes as an intervention for addiction.