Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

The diagram shows a human skin cell.

In which of the labelled structures does protein synthesis occur?

All cells have cell membranes. Which of the labelled structures are also found in plant cells?

The table shows information about the number of mitochondria in different types of human cell.

The volume of a villus cell is 2500µm³. Calculate the ratio of the volume of a villus cell to the volume of a sperm cell. Give your answer in the form n: 1

ratio =_........

Using the information in the table, comment on the importance of mitochondria to the activities of different cell types.

The diagram shows a plant cell with some structures labelled.

Which structure is the cell vacuole?

Which structure is the site of photosynthesis?

Which structure is the cell wall?

Structure U is the site of protein synthesis in the cell. What is the name of structure U?

A cell is shaped like a cube. Each side has a length of 0.053 mm. Calculate the surface area to volume ratio of this cell. Give your answer in the form n: 1

surface area to volume ratio =_........

Animal cells, unlike plant cells, do not have a cell wall.

Explain how this difference affects red blood cells when placed in distilled water.

Explain how this difference affects red blood cells when placed in a concentrated salt solution.

The diagram shows two cells from a plant root.

Which structure is the vacuole?

Which structure is the nucleus?

The actual length of the root cell from P to Q is 80 µ m.

Determine the magnification of the diagram.

[1000 µ m = 1 mm]

magnification =_........

Root hair cells are specialised cells adapted for their functions.

Explain how root hair cells are adapted for their functions in the plant.

The diagram shows a plant cell in distilled water and a plant cell in a concentrated solution of sodium chloride.

Cell in distilled water
Cell in concentrated solution of sodium chloride

Which structure is labelled M?

Which structure is labelled N?

Give the name of the liquid found in the gap labelled O in the cell in the concentrated solution of sodium chloride.

Explain the differences in the appearance of the cell in distilled water and the cell in the concentrated solution of sodium chloride.

Describe an experiment you could do to show how different concentrations of sodium chloride solution affect the appearance of plant cells.

The diagram shows a single-celled organism called Chlorella that lives in fresh water.

Chlorella has a chloroplast and can photosynthesise.

Which of these groups of organisms contains Chlorella ?

Which of these labelled structures would also be present in an animal cell?

Complete the balanced chemical symbol equation for photosynthesis.

The graph shows the effect of light intensity on gas exchange by Chlorella.

Explain why Chlorella takes in oxygen at light intensities below 10 arbitrary units.

Explain the changes in the volume of oxygen released as the light intensity increases from 10 arbitrary units.

The volume of oxygen released by Chlorella is the difference between the oxygen produced by photosynthesis and the oxygen taken in.

Use the graph to calculate the volume of oxygen produced in five minutes by photosynthesis at a light intensity of 50 arbitrary units.

volume of oxygen =_........ ³

Describe how hydrogen-carbonate indicator could be used to investigate the effect of light intensity on carbon dioxide exchange by Chlorella.

Plant and animal cells have some features in common and some differences.

Which of these structures is not found in animal cells?

Which of these substances is a carbohydrate stored in plant cells?

The diagram shows a leaf palisade mesophyll cell.

Describe the function of the parts labelled A, B, C and D.

Explain two ways that the structure of this palisade mesophyll cell is adapted for its function.