Our solar system

This question is about astrophysics.

Diagrams A, B, C and D show different orbital paths for object Y orbiting object X.

Table 1 gives some possible names for object X and object Y.

Complete the table by placing one tick () in each row to show which orbital path is correct for each combination of object X and object Y.

Each orbital path may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

Give the name of the force that causes one object to orbit another object in space.

Table 2 gives information about four different stars in the same galaxy as the Sun.

Give the name of the galaxy that contains the Sun and the stars shown in table 2.

Explain how the stars in table 2 can be classified according to their colour.

Describe the likely future evolution of Antares.

Describe what additional information is needed to predict the next evolutionary stage for Vega.

This is a question about the Solar System.

Give the name of the galaxy the Solar System is in.

Neptune is a planet in the Solar System.

Triton is a moon that orbits the planet, Neptune.

Draw a diagram to show the orbit of Neptune and the orbit of Triton in the Solar System.

Neptune orbits in the Solar System at an orbital speed of 5.4 × 10³m / s with an orbital radius of 4.5 × 10¹²m.

Pluto is another object in the Solar System. Pluto orbits with a time period of 7.8 × 10⁹s.

Show that the ratio of the orbital time period of Neptune to the orbital time period of Pluto is 2: 3

This question is about astrophysics.

Which of these is a large collection of billions of galaxies?

Which of these is a correct unit for gravitational field strength, g ?

Which statement explains why the gravitational field strength on the Moon is less than the gravitational field strength on Earth?

Describe the differences between the orbit of the Moon and the orbit of a comet.

You may include a diagram to support your answer.

This question is about astrophysics.

Which of these do planets orbit?

Which of these has the largest diameter?

Which of these has the smallest diameter?

At the surface of the Earth, the gravitational field strength is 10 N/kg.

At the surface of the Moon, the gravitational field strength is 1.7 N/kg.

Give a reason for the difference in gravitational field strength.

State what is meant by the astronomical term galaxy.

Which of these is a large collection of billions of galaxies?

Hydrogen is an element that can emit visible light waves.

The table shows the wavelength of one of these waves when detected from a laboratory sample of hydrogen and when detected from the hydrogen in two different galaxies.

The detected wavelengths from the galaxies are different from the detected wavelength from the laboratory sample because of the Doppler effect.

Galaxy A and galaxy B are both moving relative to Earth.

Compare the motions of galaxy A and galaxy B relative to Earth.

Use data from the table to calculate the speed of galaxy B relative to Earth.

[speed of light, c = 3.010⁸m/s]

This question is about astrophysics.

Complete the sentences by writing a suitable word or phrase in each blank space.

Space and all the galaxies in it is called the_........

A large collection of billions of stars is called a_........

The Sun and its collection of planets and moons is called the_........

The diagram shows the orbit of a comet around the Sun.

At which point in its orbit is the comet moving fastest?

Name the force that keeps the comet in orbit around the Sun.

This question is about stars.

The diagram shows the orbits of two astronomical objects around a star.

Add a labelled arrow to the diagram to show the type of force from the star acting on object A.

What is object A?

What is object B?

State the name given to a large collection of billions of stars.

Physicists classify stars according to their colour.

Each group of stars of similar colour is called a spectral class.

The table gives information about colour and surface temperature for three spectral classes of stars.

The Sun belongs to spectral class G.

Complete the table by suggesting values for the missing surface temperatures.

There are stars in the universe with masses much greater than the mass of the Sun.

Describe what happens to these high-mass stars when they leave the main sequence stage of their evolution.

Which force is responsible for keeping satellites in orbit?

Which of these is the largest?

Which of these represents the brightness of stars at a standard distance?