International trade, access to markets & TNCs

Outline what is meant by environmental interdependence.

Figure 1a and Figure 1b are in the insert.

Figure 1a shows the sales of the transnational corporation LEGO Group, 2017–2021, by world region.

Figure 1b shows the global distribution of LEGO Group’s corporate locations in 2021.

Analyse the data shown in Figure 1a and Figure 1b.

Figure 2a shows campaign posters displayed by UNLESS in Berlin during the international Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting in 2022.

Figure 2b is an extract from the UNLESS website from the same event in Berlin.

UNLESS is an NGO working to promote the protection of extreme environments including Antarctica.

Using Figure 2a, Figure 2b and your own knowledge, assess the importance of NGOs in raising awareness around the need to protect Antarctica.

‘Unequal flows of technology are the main cause of inequalities in patterns of consumption around the world.’

Critically assess the extent to which you agree with this statement.

Outline the role of one or more institutions, such as the UN, in regulating global systems.

Figures 1a and 1b are in the insert.

Figure 1a shows percentage workforce in skill level categories in selected south-eastern Asian countries in 2016.

Figure 1b shows GDP per capita and adult literacy rates in 2016 in the south-eastern Asian countries shown in Figure 1a.

Analyse the data shown in Figure 1a and Figure 1b.

Figure 2 shows the trade relationship between China and Sub-Saharan Africa.

Using Figure 2 and your own knowledge, assess the trading relationships between emerging major economies, such as China, and smaller less developed economies, such as those in Sub-Saharan Africa.

‘Global governance of the global commons has a direct impact on your life and the lives of people across the globe.’

Critically assess the extent to which you agree with this statement.

Outline threats to Antarctica from fishing and whaling.

Figures 1a and 1b are in the insert.

Figure 1a shows the change in Antarctic ice and the relative contribution to sea-level change between 1992 and 2017.

Figure 1b shows the distribution of the changing ice extent across Antarctica in 2013.

Analyse the data shown in Figure 1a and Figure 1b.

Figure 2 shows a container ship in a port on the island of Heimaey, Iceland.

Using Figure 2 and your own knowledge, assess the role of transport as a factor in globalisation.

Assess the impacts of world trade in a food commodity and/or a manufactured product on your life and the lives of people across the globe.

Outline the spatial organisation of one transnational corporation (TNC) you have studied.

Figures 1a and 1b are in the insert.

Figure 1a shows UN peacekeeping forces involved in active service in different regions between 1955 and 2016.

Figure 1b shows the origin of UN peacekeeper forces in 1995 and 2016.

Enlarge

Using Figure 2 and your own knowledge, assess the importance of geographical location in trading relationships between major economies such as China and smaller less developed economies.

‘Climate change and pressures from economic growth mean that it is becoming more difficult to protect the global commons, such as Antarctica.’

To what extent do you agree with this view?

Explain how differential access to markets can impact on economic well-being.

Figure 1 shows the relationship between the change in gross domestic product (GDP) per person and attitudes towards globalisation for selected countries. Information is also provided on total GDP and the percentage of foreign-born population in those countries.

– 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

GDP per person, % change, 2011 – 2015

Analyse the data shown in Figure 1.

Figures 2a and 2b are in the insert.

Figure 2a shows percentage breakdown of main tourist activities for visitors to Antarctica in 2016–17. In the 2016–17 season there were 44 202 visitors to Antarctica.

Figure 2b shows a small-boat landing party of tourists visiting a penguin colony on South Orkney Islands in Antarctica.

Using Figure 2a, Figure 2b and your own knowledge, to what extent do you agree that tourism is a threat to Antarctica?

‘The UN has worked tirelessly to promote growth and stability across the globe, but TNCs have been far more successful in this regard.’

To what extent do you agree with this view?

Explain how trade agreements are a factor in globalisation.

Figure 1 shows the leading international trade partners and their pattern of trade with each other in 2013.

Figure 1

The lines are drawn in proportion to the amount of trade at the point of origin and destination

Analyse the data shown in Figure 1.

Figure 2 shows the progress made on selected UN Millennium Development Goals which aimed to reduce global poverty and inequality by 2015.

Using Figure 2 and your own knowledge, to what extent do you agree that the UN is able to promote development?

Assess the relative importance of NGOs and international government organisations in enhancing protection of Antarctica.

Explain the concept of the ‘global commons’.

Figure 1a shows the mean July temperatures at Faraday, a research station in Antarctica, between 1976 and 2016. Figure 1b is a graph showing the annual mean temperature at Faraday between 1950 and 2016. Figure 1c shows the mean July temperatures in rank order and the formula for calculating inter-quartile range.

Complete Figure 1c and analyse the temperature variations shown in Figures 1a, 1b and 1c.

Figure 2 shows the global trade in oil in 2012.

Using Figure 2 and your own knowledge, assess the extent to which this pattern is similar to the global trade in a food commodity or manufactured product you have studied.

‘Transnational corporations (TNCs) are the most significant factor in creating unequal flows of people and money within global systems.’

With reference to a TNC, assess the extent to which you agree with this statement.