AQA A Level Geography Paper 2: Human geography June 2019 question paper 7037/2

Explain how trade agreements are a factor in globalisation.

Figure 1 shows the leading international trade partners and their pattern of trade with each other in 2013.

Figure 1

The lines are drawn in proportion to the amount of trade at the point of origin and destination

Analyse the data shown in Figure 1.

Figure 2 shows the progress made on selected UN Millennium Development Goals which aimed to reduce global poverty and inequality by 2015.

Using Figure 2 and your own knowledge, to what extent do you agree that the UN is able to promote development?

Assess the relative importance of NGOs and international government organisations in enhancing protection of Antarctica.

Explain how exogenous factors contribute to the character of a place.

Figures 3a, 3b and 3c, in the insert, show information about the residents of Weston-super-Mare Central ward in North Somerset.

Figure 3a shows a word cloud produced as a result of a recent health survey asking: ‘What factors do you feel most influence your health and wellbeing?’ Figure 3b shows the ward’s population structure in 2011. Figure 3c shows the reasons for residents not being in employment in the ward in 2011.

Analyse the data shown in Figures 3a, 3b and 3c.

Figure 4 shows lyrics from ‘Wickerman’, a song about Sheffield performed by the band Pulp.

Using Figure 4 and your own knowledge, assess the usefulness of sources such as this in representing a place.

Evaluate the role of one or more external forces in changing lived experience in the local or distant place you have studied.

External forces might include:

international or global institutions.

Which of the following is a cause of counter-urbanisation?

A Some inner-city areas have undergone gentrification, whereby people buy run-down properties and turn them into luxurious homes. This causes house prices to rise.

B New technology such as Skype and conference calls allow people to work from home, enabling them to live a much greater distance from their place of work.

C The closure of coal mines meant that many miners’ families had to leave the pit villages. They moved to the local towns and cities, working in low-skilled jobs in retail parks.

D The local shops in many commuter villages are forced to close as the residents living in the new housing estates shop nearer to their places of work in the cities.

Choose the description that best fits the present global pattern of urbanisation.

A The most urbanised regions include North America (82%), Latin America and the Caribbean (80%) and Europe (73%).

B The fastest rate of urbanisation is found in Latin America which is projected to increase to 91% by 2030.

C Growth is projected to rise fastest in North America and Europe, with just three countries accounting for most of the growth – UK, USA and Germany.

D The most urbanised regions are Asia (82%), Africa (80%) and Latin America and the Caribbean (71%).

Which of the following would not be an appropriate technique for a sustainable city?

A Using green roofs on houses to increase levels of infiltration.

B Building a dual carriageway across the city to ease traffic congestion.

C Government subsidies to encourage the use of solar panels.

D Increasing pedestrianisation to reduce car use.

Choose the hydrograph below that would most accurately represent an urban catchment.

Figures 5a, 5b and 5c are in the insert.

Figure 5a shows the percentage of low-paid residents in each London borough in 2015–16. Figure 5b shows the percentage of waste that was recycled in each London borough in 2015–16. Figure 5c shows a Spearman’s rank calculation used to study whether there is a relationship between the proportion of low-paid residents and rates of recycling in London boroughs in 2015–16.

Analyse the data shown in Figures 5a, 5b and 5c.

Figure 6a shows an example of a sustainable urban drainage system (SUDS) using swales in Upton, Northampton. Figure 6b shows the possible benefits of SUDS.

Using Figure 6a and your own knowledge, evaluate the use of SUDS in achieving the benefits shown in Figure 6b.

For one urban area you have studied, to what extent are environmental problems a consequence of globalisation?

With reference to two contrasting urban areas, assess the role played by the process of suburbanisation in creating patterns of economic and social wellbeing.

Which of the following strategies would not increase agricultural productivity?

A A family planning programme introduced into rural areas in Ghana.

B Using better disease management practices on dairy farms in the UK.

C Teaching farmers in the Niger how to build stone contours to trap rain water.

D Harvesting more butternut squash in East Anglia by employing more temporary migrant labour.

Which of the following statements describes a demographic impact of migration?

A In Germany in 2015, fighting broke out in a tented camp for asylum seekers. The fighting occurred between groups of Pakistanis and Albanians. It took police several hours to quell the violence.

B Cornwall is very reliant on EU migrant labourers to work on a temporary basis in agriculture, for example, picking daffodils. These EU migrants boost the local economy by spending in local shops.

C In Poland, since 2011, many economic migrants of child-bearing age have returned from western Europe and there has been a rise in fertility rates to 1.3.

D In Myanmar, Rohingya Muslims are living in refugee camps on the border of Bangladesh. Conditions in the camps are terrible with people suffering from malnutrition and ill health.

What changes occur to a country as it moves from Stage 2 to Stage 3 in the demographic transition model?

A Death rates rise due to a larger proportion of elderly people. Healthcare and technological advancements mean life expectancy rises. Birth rates fall due to improved education.

B Death rates fall due to improved sanitation and greater agricultural productivity. Infant mortality increases due to periods of famine and this causes a corresponding rise in birth rates.

C Life expectancy continues to rise due to better sanitation and healthcare causing a continued fall in death rates. Infant mortality falls due to improved diets, causing a corresponding fall in birth rates.

D Death rates are fairly stationary due to good levels of healthcare. Life expectancy continues to rise due to improved diets. Birth rates fall due to high levels of female education.

Choose a health impact likely to result from ozone depletion.

A Cataracts

B Thermal stress

C Malaria

D Coronary heart disease

Figures 7a, 7b and 7c are in the insert.

Figure 7a shows the global pattern of obesity in 2014. Figure 7b shows the highest ranked countries with diabetes in 1980 and 2014. Figure 7c shows a Spearman’s rank calculation used to study whether there is a relationship between prevalence of obesity and diabetes in the countries shown for 2014.

Analyse the data shown in Figures 7a, 7b and 7c.

Figure 8a shows the population structure for Thailand in 1980, 2010 and 2030 (projected). Figure 8b shows data about Thailand’s economy and population between 1980 and 2015.

Figure 8a

* GDP (Gross Domestic Product) growth rate – a measure of how fast the economy is growing.

Using Figures 8a, 8b and your own knowledge, how far do you agree that Thailand has achieved a demographic dividend?

To what extent has globalisation contributed to patterns of population change in a country or society you have studied?

‘As more and more countries exceed their carrying capacity, soil problems will inevitably increase and there is very little that can be done to mitigate this.’

To what extent do you agree with this statement?

Choose the answer below that would be considered an appropriate strategy to manage water consumption.

A A desalination plant built using EU funding following an Environmental Impact Assessment.

B A government policy to order water companies to fit compulsory meters to all homes.

C A water transfer scheme to move water from areas of water surplus to areas of water deficit.

D Water below the ground stored in aquifers to be pumped to the surface when it falls below the water table.

Which of the following defines the concept of a resource frontier?

A The boundary surrounding a resource, beyond which the resource is not located.

B An area on the periphery of a country, where resources are produced for the first time, frequently found in locations that are difficult to exploit.

C The point after which new discoveries of a resource decline as production has already exploited the most accessible resources.

D Undiscovered resources that may occur in known geological settings where no previous discoveries have been made.

Which of the following has the correct examples of primary and secondary sources of energy in the correct columns?

Primary energy
Secondary energy

A A water wheel powered by a Releasing radiation from river used to drive machinery in uranium to convert water to a factory.
steam for electricity powering a town.

B Burning coal and wood in a Gas transfer by pipeline to multi-fuel stove for heat in the power a gas cooker in the home. home.

C Production of petrol from crude Conversion of biogas from oil to drive cars.
organic decomposition of animal waste.

D Electricity generated from an Geothermal power heating HEP scheme used to power a ground water supplies directly field centre.
into the home.

Choose the best definition of the virtual water trade from the list below.

A The movement of water from one country to another via a pipeline in order to produce goods designed for export.

B The agreement between two or more countries involved in manufacturing and the subsequent trade in desalinisation plants.

C The hidden water volume involved in the full production process of a product destined for export.

D The source of the water used in the import and export of goods such as agricultural products.

Figures 9a, 9b and 9c are in the insert.

Figure 9a shows the world’s top ten coal producing countries in 2015. Figure 9b shows coal consumption in the top ten coal consuming countries and the rest of the world in 2015. Figure 9c shows a Spearman’s rank calculation used to study whether there is a relationship between production and consumption of coal in the countries shown in Figure 9a.

Analyse the data shown in Figures 9a, 9b and 9c.

Figures 10a, 10b and 10c are in the insert.

Figure 10a shows the renewable and nuclear energy mix of selected European countries in 2012. Figure 10b is a relief map of Europe. Figure 10c shows average annual precipitation.

Using Figures 10a, 10b, 10c and your own knowledge, assess the relationship between energy supply and physical geography.

To what extent are water conflicts the result of globalisation?

‘Increasing demand for energy and/or mineral ores is inevitably leading to an increase in the importance of geopolitics.’

To what extent do you agree with this statement?